ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2005
Effect of urbanization on bone mineral density: a Thai epidemiological study.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of Bone Mineral Density between Urban and Rural Areas: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Global Health Effects of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis, 1990-2021.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Molecular and cellular mechanisms linking air pollution and bone damage.Environmental research · 2020Review
- Risk of Vertebral Fracture in Patients Diagnosed with a Depressive Disorder: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2017Article
- Rural older people had lower mortality after accidental falls than non-rural older people.Clinical interventions in aging · 2017Article
- Exposure to air pollution increases the risk of osteoporosis: a nationwide longitudinal study.Medicine · 2015Article
- Urban-Rural Differences in Bone Mineral Density: A Cross Sectional Analysis Based on the Hyderabad Indian Migration Study.PloS one · 2015Article
- Life-course determinants of bone mass in young adults from a transitional rural community in India: the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (APCAPS).The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2014Article
- Prevalence of sarcopenia and associated factors among Thai population.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2013Article
- Bone mineral density and incidence of hip fracture in Swedish urban and rural women 1987-2002.Acta orthopaedica · 2010Article
- Smoking status as a predictor of hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women of northwest Texas.Preventing chronic disease · 2008Article
- Urban-rural differences in distal forearm fractures: Cohort Norway.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe incidence of fractures in rural populations is lower than in urban populations, although the reason for this difference is unclear. This cross-sectional study was designed to examine the difference in bone mineral density (BMD), a primary predictor of fracture risk, between urban and rural Thai populations.
methodsFemoral neck and lumbar spine BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (GE Lunar, Madison, WI) in 411 urban and 436 rural subjects (340 men and 507 women), aged between 20 and 84 years. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from weight and height.
resultsAfter adjusting for age and body weight in an analysis of covariance model, femoral neck BMD in rural men and women was significantly higher than those in urban men and women (P < 0.001), but the difference was not observed at the lumbar spine. After stratifying by sex, age group, and BMI category, the urban-rural difference in femoral neck BMD became more pronounced in men and women aged <50 years and with BMI > or = 25 kg/m2.
conclusionsThese data suggest that femoral neck BMD in rural men and women was higher than their counterparts in urban areas. This difference could potentially explain part of the urban-rural difference in fracture incidence.
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Registered trials
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