ArticleJournal of virology2005
Kinetics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 decay following entry into resting CD4+ T cells.
Article in Journal of virology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers.
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Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 193 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment with integrase inhibitor suggests a new interpretation of HIV RNA decay curves that reveals a subset of cells with slow integration.PLoS pathogens · 2017Trial
- Rapid clearance of inducible HIV-1 proviruses after initiation of antiretroviral therapy.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Applications and limitations of the passenger hypothesis for HIV reservoir persistence and cure.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Quantitative and Qualitative Distinctions between HIV-1 and SIV Reservoirs: Implications for HIV-1 Cure-Related Studies.Viruses · 2024Review
- Biphasic decay of intact SHIV genomes following initiation of antiretroviral therapy complicates analysis of interventions targeting the reservoir.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- DNA ultra-sensitive quantification, a technology for studying HIV unintegrated linear DNA.Cell reports methods · 2023Article
- Antiretroviral therapy reveals triphasic decay of intact SIV genomes and persistence of ancestral variants.Cell host & microbe · 2023Article
- Article
- Complex decay dynamics of HIV virions, intact and defective proviruses, and 2LTR circles following initiation of antiretroviral therapy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Endothelial Cells Promote Productive HIV Infection of Resting CD4AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Article
- Numerical approaches for the rapid analysis of prophylactic efficacy against HIV with arbitrary drug-dosing schemes.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Mathematical Modelling of the Molecular Mechanisms of Interaction of Tenofovir with Emtricitabine against HIV.Viruses · 2021Article
- Anti-HIV Activity of Cucurbitacin-D against Cigarette Smoke Condensate-Induced HIV Replication in the U1 Macrophages.Viruses · 2021Article
- Long-term effects of early antiretroviral initiation on HIV reservoir markers: a longitudinal analysis of the MERLIN clinical study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2021Article
- Combinatorial Use of Both Epigenetic and Non-Epigenetic Mechanisms to Efficiently Reactivate HIV Latency.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Factors that mold the nuclear landscape of HIV-1 integration.Nucleic acids research · 2021Review
- CD8 Effector T Cells Function Synergistically With Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to Enhance Suppression of HIV Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- HIV replication and latency in monocytes and macrophages.Seminars in immunology · 2021Review
- Roles of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 in disease pathogenesis.Theranostics · 2021Review
- The Interplay of HIV-1 and Macrophages in Viral Persistence.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In untreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, most viral genomes in resting CD4(+) T cells are not integrated into host chromosomes. This unintegrated virus provides an inducible latent reservoir because cellular activation permits integration, virus gene expression, and virus production. It remains controversial whether HIV-1 is stable in this preintegration state. Here, we monitored the fate of HIV-1 in resting CD4(+) cells by using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter virus carrying an X4 envelope. After virus entry into resting CD4(+) T cells, both rescuable virus gene expression, visualized with GFP, and rescuable virion production, assessed by p24 release, decayed with a half-life of 2 days. In these cells, reverse transcription goes to completion over 2 to 3 days, and 50% of the viruses that have entered undergo functional decay before reverse transcription is complete. We distinguished two distinct but closely related factors contributing to loss of rescuable virus. First, some host cells undergo virus-induced apoptosis upon viral entry, thereby reducing the amount of rescuable virus. Second, decay processes directly affecting the virus both before and after the completion of reverse transcription contribute to the loss of rescuable virus. The functional half-life of full-length, integration-competent reverse transcripts is only 1 day. We propose that rapid intracellular decay processes compete with early steps in viral replication in infected CD4(+) T cells. Decay processes dominate in resting CD4(+) T cells as a result of the slow kinetics of reverse transcription and blocks at subsequent steps. Therefore, the reservoir of unintegrated HIV-1 in recently infected resting CD4(+) T cells is highly labile.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.