Evidence map›Paper›PMID 15677783›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2005

Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in an adult type 1 diabetes population and a comparable general population.

David M Maahs, Gregory L Kinney, Paul Wadwa, Janet K Snell-Bergeon, Dana Dabelea, John Hokanson, James Ehrlich, Satish Garg, Robert H Eckel, Marian J Rewers

4 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01881828 phase3completedstarted 2013, after this paper: background citation

A Randomized Trial of Metformin as Adjunct Therapy for Overweight Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

Ran2013Enrolled164Registered outcomes16Posted comparisons0ConditionsType 1 DiabetesArmsMetformin (glucophage), oral placebo
Open the trial in the graph
NCT02045290 phase3completedstarted 2014, after this paper: background citation

Metformin Therapy for Overweight Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)--Insulin Clamp Ancillary Study for Assessment of Insulin Resistance

Ran2014Enrolled37Registered outcomes3Posted comparisons0ConditionsType 1 DiabetesArmsMetformin, Placebo
Open the trial in the graph
NCT00005754 completednot on this map

Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of Colorado, DenverRan1999 to 2008Enrolled1,420ConditionsCardiovascular Diseases, Heart Diseases, Coronary Disease, Diabetes Mellitus
NCT07728435 completednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Cardiopulmonary Fitness and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: The Prospective Multicenter Controlled FIT-T1D Study

TypeobservationalSponsorInstitut Saint PierreRan2025 to 2026Enrolled214ConditionsDiabete Type 1
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Hypertension in Diabetes: Numbers or Outcomes?American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Complications of obesity in children and youths with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes.Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism · 2019
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

David M MaahsBarbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East 9th Ave., Denver, CO 80262, USA. david.maahs@uchsc.edu
Gregory L Kinney
Paul Wadwa
Janet K Snell-Bergeon
Dana Dabelea
John Hokanson
James Ehrlich
Satish Garg
Robert H Eckel
Marian J Rewers
University of Colorado Health · US

Funding

ZOPOLRESTAT PHARMACOKINETICS IN DIABETICS WITH VARYING RENAL FUNCTIONM01RR000051 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI KRUGMAN, RICHARD D. · 1985 to 2008
$52.6M
UCHSC DIABETES ENDOCRINOLOGY RESEARCH CENTERP30DK057516 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI HUTTON, JOHN C · 2000 to 2010
$14.0M
SUBCLINICAL HEART DISEASE IN INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETESR01HL061753 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI REWERS, MARIAN J. · 1999 to 2007
$5.2M
Training Program in Diabetes ResearchT32DK063687 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI Andrea Steck · 2002 to 2026
$5.2M
Diabetes Research for Pediatric EndocrinologistsK12DK063722 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI KLINGENSMITH, GEORGEANNA J · 2002 to 2006
$1.1M
NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR00051NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL61753NIDDK NIH HHS K12 DK063722-03NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK57516NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK063687-03
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo compare the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in a population-representative sample of adults with type 1 diabetes and comparable nondiabetic control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsIn 2000-2002, the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes Study enrolled 1,416 individuals aged 19-56 years with no known history of coronary artery disease: 652 type 1 diabetic patients (46% male, mean age 37 years) and 764 nondiabetic control subjects (50% male, mean age 39 years). Subjects were asked if they had been told by a physician that they had hypertension or were on a blood pressure medication. Blood pressure was measured using standardized Joint National Committee (JNC) protocol.

resultsType 1 diabetic subjects, compared with nondiabetic subjects, had higher rates of hypertension prevalence (43 vs. 15%, P < 0.001), awareness (53 vs. 45%, P = 0.11), treatment (87 vs. 47%, P < 0.001), and control (55 vs. 32%, P < 0.001) for the JNC 6 goal (130/85 mmHg). Only 42% of all type 1 diabetic hypertensive subjects met the new JNC 7 goal (130/80 mmHg). Type 1 diabetic subjects had better blood pressure control (72 vs. 32%, P < 0.0001), using 140/90 mmHg as a common measure. The majority of treated subjects were on a single antihypertensive agent (75 vs. 64%).

conclusionsSubjects with type 1 diabetes have higher rates of hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control than nondiabetic subjects. However, hypertension remains largely uncontrolled, even if treated in high-risk populations, such as type 1 diabetic subjects and undiagnosed individuals in the general population. Achieving more stringent blood pressure goals will require increased attention and may necessitate the use of multiple antihypertensive agents.

Indexed as

Patient Education as TopicAdultAntihypertensive AgentsBlood PressureDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1FemaleHumansHypertensionHypoglycemic AgentsMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceAntihypertensive AgentsHypoglycemic Agents

Identifiers

PMID15677783
OpenAlexW2134273157

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.