ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2005
The position of Hippopotamidae within Cetartiodactyla.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Morphological features of the orbicularis oculi muscle and facial nerve in four odontocete families, with comparisons within Cetartiodactyla.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Linking African herbivore community enamel isotopes and environments: challenges, opportunities, and paleoecological implications.Oecologia · 2024Article
- Article
- Chewing, dentition and tooth wear in Hippopotamidae (Hippopotamus amphibius and Choeropsis liberiensis).PloS one · 2023Article
- Antioxidative Potency of Dolphin Serum Albumin Is Stronger Than That of Human Serum Albumin Irrespective of Substitution ofFrontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- Article
- Endocasts and brain evolution in Anthracotheriidae (Artiodactyla, Hippopotamoidea).Journal of anatomy · 2015Article
- The oncomiracidium of Oculotrema hippopotami Stunkard, 1924 and relationships within the Polystomatidae (Monogenea).Systematic parasitology · 2013Article
- Evolution of the MHC-DQB exon 2 in marine and terrestrial mammals.Immunogenetics · 2013Article
- Phylogenetic analysis of conservation priorities for aquatic mammals and their terrestrial relatives, with a comparison of methods.PloS one · 2011Article
- Early Miocene hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla) constrain the phylogenetic and spatiotemporal settings of hippopotamid origin.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2010Article
- Seven new dolphin mitochondrial genomes and a time-calibrated phylogeny of whales.BMC evolutionary biology · 2009Article
- New protocetid whale from the middle eocene of pakistan: birth on land, precocial development, and sexual dimorphism.PloS one · 2009Article
- Cross-species chromosome painting in Cetartiodactyla: reconstructing the karyotype evolution in key phylogenetic lineages.Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology · 2009Article
- A highly polymorphic insertion in the Y-chromosome amelogenin gene can be used for evolutionary biology, population genetics and sexing in Cetacea and Artiodactyla.BMC genetics · 2008Article
- Evolutionary origins, diversification, and biogeography of liver flukes (Digenea, Fasciolidae).The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2008Article
- Stable isotope evidence for an amphibious phase in early proboscidean evolution.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2008Article
- Evolution of suiform aromatases: ancestral duplication with conservation of tissue-specific expression in the collared peccary (Pecari tayassu).Journal of molecular evolution · 2007Article
- Placentation in dolphins from the Amazon River Basin: the Boto, Inia geoffrensis, and the Tucuxi, Sotalia fluviatilis.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2007Article
- Multiple molecular evidences for a living mammalian fossil.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2007Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
The origin of late Neogene Hippopotamidae (Artiodactyla) involves one of the most serious conflicts between comparative anatomy and molecular biology: is Artiodactyla paraphyletic? Molecular comparisons indicate that Cetacea should be the modern sister group of hippos. This finding implies the existence of a fossil lineage linking cetaceans (first known in the early Eocene) to hippos (first known in the middle Miocene). The relationships of hippos within Artiodactyla are challenging, and the immediate affinities of Hippopotamidae have been studied by biologists for almost two centuries without resolution. Here, we compare opposing hypotheses implicating several "suiform" families. This morphological analysis of a comprehensive set of taxa and characters offers a robust solution to the origins of Hippopotamidae. This family appears to be deeply nested within the otherwise extinct artiodactyl family Anthracotheriidae, most precisely within the most advanced selenodont forms. The proposed sister group of hippos is the middle to late Miocene African semiaquatic Libycosaurus. Any close relationships of hippos with suoids, particularly with Tayassuidae, are rejected. Furthermore, the clade (Hippopotamidae, Anthracotheriidae) is proposed as the sister group of the Cetacea, offering broad morphological support for a molecular phylogeny, such support being also consistent with the fossil record. Corroboration of this relationship requires an exploration of anthracothere affinities with other Paleogene artiodactyls. Among those, the position of Ruminantia is a central question, still to be solved. Further progress in this debate is likely to come from morphological studies of paleontological data, whether known or still to be discovered.
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