ArticleClinical & experimental metastasis2004
Osteoblasts induce prostate cancer proliferation and PSA expression through interleukin-6-mediated activation of the androgen receptor.
Article in Clinical & experimental metastasis, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and correlative results of SWOG S0354: a phase II trial of CNTO328 (siltuximab), a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6, in chemotherapy-pretreated patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2010Trial
- MicroRNA-379 Modulates Prostate-Specific Antigen Expression Through Targeting the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer.Cancers · 2025Article
- A Suite of Activity-Based Probes To Dissect the KLK Activome in Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2021Article
- The Role of Inflammation in Breast and Prostate Cancer Metastasis to Bone.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The Metastatic Bone Marrow Niche in Neuroblastoma: Altered Phenotype and Function of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.Cancers · 2020Article
- Engineering osteoblastic metastases to delineate the adaptive response of androgen-deprived prostate cancer in the bone metastatic microenvironment.Bone research · 2019Article
- Biochemical Changes in the Niche Following Tumor Cell Invasion.Journal of cellular biochemistry · 2017Review
- Expression of STAT3 in Prostate Cancer Metastases.European urology · 2017Article
- Citrullination of histone H3 drives IL-6 production by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in MGUS and multiple myeloma.Leukemia · 2017Article
- A 3D in vitro model of patient-derived prostate cancer xenograft for controlled interrogation of in vivo tumor-stromal interactions.Biomaterials · 2016Article
- Osteoblast-derived sphingosine 1-phosphate to induce proliferation and confer resistance to therapeutics to bone metastasis-derived prostate cancer cells.Molecular oncology · 2014Article
- The B-cell receptor orchestrates environment-mediated lymphoma survival and drug resistance in B-cell malignancies.Oncogene · 2014Review
- Preclinical validation of interleukin 6 as a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma.Immunologic research · 2014Review
- Cancer-associated bone disease.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2013Review
- Understanding and targeting osteoclastic activity in prostate cancer bone metastases.Current molecular medicine · 2013Review
- The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis promotes ligand-independent activation of the androgen receptor.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2012Article
- Regulatory T cells in the bone marrow microenvironment in patients with prostate cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2012Article
- iTRAQ identification of candidate serum biomarkers associated with metastatic progression of human prostate cancer.PloS one · 2012Article
- The tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer: elucidating molecular pathways for therapy development.Cancer management and research · 2012Article
- Structure and function of the solid tumor niche.Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition) · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) metastases selectively develop in bone as opposed to other sites through unknown mechanisms. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is considered to contribute to CaP progression and is produced at high levels in osteoblasts. We hypothesized that osteoblast-derived IL-6 in the bone microenvironment contributes to the fertile soil for CaP growth. Accordingly, human CaP cells, LNCaP, C4-2B and VCaP, were treated with conditioned medium (CM) collected from human osteoblast-like HOBIT cells grown in androgen-depleted medium. We found that CM induced proliferation, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) protein and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner in these cell lines as determined by ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. CM also activated the PSA promoter in these cells. Both HOBIT and primary osteoblast (POB) cells produced high levels of IL-6 measured by bioassay. LNCaP, C4-2B and VCaP cells expressed IL-6, but at much lower levels then the HOBIT and POB and they also expressed the IL-6 receptor mRNA, indicating they can respond to IL-6. Anti-IL-6 antibody added to HOBIT or POB CM dose-dependently inhibited the CM-induced cell proliferation and PSA expression in these CaP cell lines. HOBIT CM induced nuclear translocation of the AR and this was inhibited by anti-IL-6 antibody. Additionally, the antiandrogen bicalutamide inhibited HOBIT CM-induced cell proliferation. These results demonstrate that osteoblasts promote CaP growth through IL-6-mediated activation of the AR. Furthermore, these data underscore the importance of cross-talk between tumor and the bone microenvironment in the development of CaP bone metastases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.