ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2005
HIV-1-specific CD4+ T lymphocyte turnover and activation increase upon viral rebound.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific T helper responses fail to predict CD4+ T cell decline following short-course treatment at primary HIV-1 infection.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2008Trial
- Elucidating Specificity Opens a Window to the Complexity of Both the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems.Viral immunology · 2020Article
- Article
- Cytomegalovirus Infection Leads to Development of High Frequencies of Cytotoxic Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells Targeted to Vascular Endothelium.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- MHC II tetramers visualize human CD4+ T cell responses to Epstein-Barr virus infection and demonstrate atypical kinetics of the nuclear antigen EBNA1 response.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2013Article
- HIV controllers maintain a population of highly efficient Th1 effector cells in contrast to patients treated in the long term.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected individuals.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2012Review
- Depletion of CD4⁺ T cells abrogates post-peak decline of viremia in SIV-infected rhesus macaques.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2011Article
- Regulation of virus-specific CD4+ T cell function by multiple costimulatory receptors during chronic HIV infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2010Article
- Interruptions of antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus infection: are they detrimental to neurocognitive functioning?Journal of neurovirology · 2010Article
- Polymorphisms of IL-6 174 G/C, IL-10 -592 C/A and risk of HIV/AIDS among North Indian population.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2010Article
- HIV-1 infection impairs the bronchoalveolar T-cell response to mycobacteria.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2009Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef induces programmed death 1 expression through a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- Class II major histocompatibility complex tetramer staining: progress, problems, and prospects.Immunology · 2008Review
- Ex vivo analysis of human T lymphotropic virus type 1-specific CD4+ cells by use of a major histocompatibility complex class II tetramer composed of a neurological disease-susceptibility allele and its immunodominant peptide.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2007Article
- Human CD4+ T cell epitopes from vaccinia virus induced by vaccination or infection.PLoS pathogens · 2007Article
- Tracking virus-specific CD4+ T cells during and after acute hepatitis C virus infection.PloS one · 2007Article
- Predictors of disease progression in HIV infection: a review.AIDS research and therapy · 2007Article
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-specific CD4+ T helper lymphocytes are preferred targets for infection. Although complete interruption of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) can form part of therapeutic manipulations, there is grave concern that the resumption of viral replication might destroy, perhaps irreversibly, these T helper populations. High viremia blocks the proliferation capacity of HIV-specific helper cells. However, cytokine production assays imply that some antigen-specific effector function is retained. Despite this careful work, it remains unclear whether the return of HIV-1 replication physically destroys HIV-1-specific T helper cells in the peripheral blood. Difficulties in producing stable peptide-MHC class II complexes and the very low frequencies of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells have delayed the application of this powerful technique. Here we employ HLA class II tetramers and validate a sensitive, quantitative cell-enrichment technique to detect HIV-1 T helper cells. We studied patients with early-stage HIV infection who were given a short, fixed course of ART as part of a clinical study. We did not find significant deletion of these cells from the peripheral circulation when ART was stopped and unfettered HIV replication returned. The turnover of these virus-specific cells increased and they adopted an effector phenotype when viremia returned.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.