ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2005
Alpha-glucan, water dikinase (GWD): a plastidic enzyme with redox-regulated and coordinated catalytic activity and binding affinity.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Allelic variation in the thioredoxin TRX-M4 influences carbon partitioning to control soluble sugar content in apple fruit.Plant communications · 2026Article
- A structural perspective on α-glucan catabolism in oxygenic phototrophs.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Dynamic regulation of Arabidopsis β-AMYLASE1 by glutathione and thioredoxins affects starch in guard cells.Plant physiology · 2025Article
- Target of rapamycin signaling regulates starch degradation via α-glucan water dikinase in a unicellular red alga.Plant physiology · 2025Article
- Rice Promoter Editing: An Efficient Genetic Improvement Strategy.Rice (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Review
- The activation ofPlant direct · 2024Article
- Transcriptomics and starch biosynthesis analysis in leaves and developing seeds of mung bean provide a basis for genetic engineering of starch composition and seed quality.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Current Insights into the Redox Regulation Network in Plant Chloroplasts.Plant & cell physiology · 2023Review
- Mutation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Glucan, Water-Dikinase 1 (GWD1), an ideal biotechnological target for potential improving yield and quality in rice.Plant biotechnology journal · 2021Article
- Two Be or Not Two Be: The Nuclear Autoantigen La/SS-B Is Able to Form Dimers and Oligomers in a Redox Dependent Manner.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Strategies for Efficient Gene Editing in Protoplasts of Solanum tuberosum Theme: Determining gRNA Efficiency Design by Utilizing Protoplast (Research).Frontiers in genome editing · 2021Article
- Turning the Knobs: The Impact of Post-translational Modifications on Carbon Metabolism.Frontiers in plant science · 2021Review
- Differential Evolution of α-Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD) in Plants.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- NTRC and Thioredoxin f Overexpression Differentially Induces Starch Accumulation in Tobacco Leaves.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Mutations in Glucan, Water Dikinase Affect Starch Degradation and Gametophore Development in the Moss Physcomitrella patens.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Deletion of BSG1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii leads to abnormal starch granule size and morphology.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Interorganelle Communication: Peroxisomal MALATE DEHYDROGENASE2 Connects Lipid Catabolism to Photosynthesis through Redox Coupling in Chlamydomonas.The Plant cell · 2018Article
- Developmental dynamics of stem starch accumulation inPlant direct · 2018Article
- Post-silking carbon partitioning under nitrogen deficiency revealed sink limitation of grain yield in maize.Journal of experimental botany · 2018Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The recently discovered potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum) alpha-glucan, water dikinase (GWD) (formerly known as R1) catalyzes the phosphorylation of starch by a dikinase-type reaction mechanism in which the beta-phosphate of ATP is transferred to either the C-6 or the C-3 position of the glucosyl residue of starch. In the present study, we found that the GWD enzyme is inactive in the oxidized form, which is accompanied by the formation of a specific intramolecular disulfide bond as determined by disulfide-linked peptide mapping. The regulatory properties of this disulfide linkage were confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis studies. Both reduced thioredoxin (Trx) f and Trx m from spinach leaves reduced and activated oxidized GWD at very low concentrations, with Trx f being the more efficient, yielding an S0.5 value of 0.4 microM. Interestingly, GWD displays a reversible and selective binding to starch granules depending on the illumination state of the plant. Here we show that starch granule-bound GWD isolated from dark-adapted plants exists in the inactive, oxidized form, which is capable of reactivation upon treatment with reduced Trx. Furthermore, the soluble form of GWD was found in its fully reduced state, providing evidence of a Trx-controlled regulation mechanism linking enzymatic activity and specific binding affinities of a protein to an intracellular surface. The regulatory site sequence, CFATC, of potato GWD is conserved in chloroplast-targeted GWDs from other species, suggesting an overall redox regulation of the GWD enzyme.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.