ArticleJournal of bacteriology2005
Expression and functional analysis of the subtilin immunity genes spaIFEG in the subtilin-sensitive host Bacillus subtilis MO1099.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- The DdD protein confers intracellular and extracellular immunity to the leaderless bacteriocin enterocin DD14.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- A comparative framework of natural nisin variants: linking genetic basis to future bioengineering applications.Microbial cell factories · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial peptides: natural templates for next-generation therapeutics against antimicrobial resistance.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Understanding the Dynamics of Human Defensin Antimicrobial Peptides: Pathogen Resistance and Commensal Induction.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Antibiotic profiling of wild-type bacilli led to the discovery of new lanthipeptide subtilin-producing Bacillus spizizenii strains whose 16S rDNA sequences differ from the B. spizizenii typing strain.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2022Article
- Regulation of heterologous subtilin production in Bacillus subtilis W168.Microbial cell factories · 2022Article
- A Review of the Effects and Production of Spore-Forming Probiotics for Poultry.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Oxygen-Limiting Growth Conditions and Deletion of the Transition State Regulator Protein Abrb in Bacillus subtilis 6633 Result in an Increase in Subtilosin Production and a Decrease in Subtilin Production.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2020Article
- BceAB-Type Antibiotic Resistance Transporters Appear To Act by Target Protection of Cell Wall Synthesis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Nisin J, a Novel Natural Nisin Variant, Is Produced by Staphylococcus capitis Sourced from the Human Skin Microbiota.Journal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- Resistance Mechanisms to Antimicrobial Peptides in Gram-Positive Bacteria.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Kunkecin A, a New Nisin Variant Bacteriocin Produced by the Fructophilic Lactic Acid Bacterium,Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- LanI-Mediated Lantibiotic Immunity in Bacillus subtilis: Functional Analysis.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2019Article
- Crystal Structure of NisI in a Lipid-Free Form, the Nisin Immunity Protein, from Lactococcus lactis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- The N-terminal Region of Nisin Is Important for the BceAB-Type ABC Transporter NsrFP fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Insight into Two ABC Transporter Families Involved in Lantibiotic Resistance.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2017Review
- Bacterial Evasion of Host Antimicrobial Peptide Defenses.Microbiology spectrum · 2016Review
- Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance Mechanisms of Gram-Positive Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2014Article
- SmbFT, a putative ABC transporter complex, confers protection against the lantibiotic Smb in Streptococci.Journal of bacteriology · 2013Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 produces the cationic pore-forming lantibiotic subtilin, which preferentially acts on gram-positive microorganisms; self protection of the producer cells is mediated by the four genes spaIFEG. To elucidate the mechanism of subtilin autoimmunity, we transferred different combinations of subtilin immunity genes under the control of an inducible promoter into the genome of subtilin-sensitive host strain B. subtilis MO1099. Recipient cells acquired subtilin tolerance through expression of either spaI or spaFEG, which shows that subtilin immunity is based on two independently acting systems. Cells coordinately expressing all four immunity genes acquired the strongest subtilin protection level. Quantitative in vivo peptide release assays demonstrated that SpaFEG diminished the quantity of cell-associated subtilin, suggesting that SpaFEG transports subtilin molecules from the membrane into the extracellular space. Homology and secondary structure analyses define SpaFEG as a prototype of lantibiotic immunity transporters that fall into the ABC-2 subfamily of multidrug resistance proteins. Membrane localization of the lipoprotein SpaI and specific interaction of SpaI with the cognate lantibiotic subtilin suggest a function of SpaI as a subtilin-intercepting protein. This interpretation was supported by hexahistidine-mediated 0-A cross-linking between hexahistidine-tagged SpaI and subtilin.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.