ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2005
The origin and evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.
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Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Modified Live Virus (MLV) vaccine strains in a young pig infection model.Veterinary research · 2013Trial
- PRRSV Fetal Infection in Pigs as a Risk Factor for the Emergence of More Efficient Zoonotic Hosts for Swine-Origin Influenza Virus.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of antibody-dependent enhancement and its research progress in animal coronaviruses.Veterinary research · 2026Review
- Genetic Characterization of PRRSV Diversity and Detection of Other Pathogens in Live Virus Inoculation Material Used in Breeding Herd Stabilization Programs.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Phylogenetic Lineages of PRRSV-2 from Canada Reveal Patterns of Transboundary Spread and Two Novel Sub-Lineages in North America.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pigs with CD163 Mutation Conferred PRRSV Resistance.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- AI-Based Respiratory Monitoring-Guided Evaluation of Rottlerin Therapy for PRRS in Grower-Finisher Pig Farms.Viruses · 2026Article
- Nuclear factor IC promoting porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication and suppressing type I interferon transcription.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Evaluating NGS-generated contig accuracy for detection and assignment of PRRSV against a reference genome in experimentally mixed PRRSV infection samples.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Nanobodies Targeting the GP4 Protein Inhibit PRRSV Replication.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- The role of immune checkpoint molecules in PRRSV-2-induced immune modulation: insights from comparativeJournal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Epidemiological Review of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) in Japan: From Discovery and Spread to Economic Losses and Future Prospects.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Contribution of critical amino acid residues in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to the replication fidelity and viral ribavirin sensitivity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Research Progress on the GP3 Protein of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Field Investigation Evaluating the Efficacy of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Type 2 (PRRSV-2) Modified Live Vaccines in Nursery Pigs Exposed to Multiple Heterologous PRRSV Strains.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics of bronchoalveolar lavage during PRRSV infection with different virulence.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- The role of major and minor structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in induction of protective immunity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Antiviral effects of mogroside V against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virusFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV) are divided into North American and European types, which show about 40% difference in their amino acid sequences. The divergence time of these two types has been estimated to be about 1980 from epidemiological data. This suggested that PRRSV have evolved at a higher evolutionary rate (order of 10(-2)/site/year) compared with other RNA viruses of 10(-3) to 10(-5)/site/year. Here, to test the evolutionary history of PRRSV speculated by the epidemiological background, we estimated the divergence time and evolutionary rate of PRRSV with molecular evolutionary analysis. Estimated divergence time (1972-1988) corresponded well to that estimated by the epidemiological data, and the evolutionary rate (4.71-9.8) x 10(-2) of PRRSV was indeed the highest among RNA viruses so far reported. Furthermore, we inferred important sites for the adaptation in order to examine how PRRSV have adapted to swine since they emerged. The adaptive sites were located not only in the epitopes related to immunity but also in the transmembrane regions including a signal peptide. In particular, the adaptive sites in the transmembrane regions were considered to affect compatibility to the host cell membrane. We conclude that PRRSV were transmitted from another host species to swine in about 1980 and have adapted to swine by altering the transmembrane regions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.