ArticleImmunogenetics2005
The mutation spectrum of purified AID is similar to the mutability index in Ramos cells and in ung(-/-)msh2(-/-) mice.
Article in Immunogenetics, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- DNA secondary structures in BCL2 and MYC elicit activation-induced cytidine deaminase binding and activity.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Ancestral reconstruction reveals catalytic inactivation of activation-induced cytidine deaminase concomitant with cold water adaption in the Gadiformes bony fish.BMC biology · 2022Article
- Structure-Based Design of First-Generation Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the Catalytic Pockets of AID, APOBEC3A, and APOBEC3B.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2021Article
- Small Molecule Inhibitors of Activation-Induced Deaminase Decrease Class Switch Recombination in B Cells.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2021Article
- AID in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Induction and Action During Disease Progression.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Janus Kinase Mutations in Mice Lacking PU.1 and Spi-B Drive B Cell Leukemia through Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced DNA Damage.Molecular and cellular biology · 2020Article
- Footprint of the host restriction factors APOBEC3 on the genome of human viruses.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Modeling the Embrace of a Mutator: APOBEC Selection of Nucleic Acid Ligands.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2018Review
- Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of HIV-1 restriction factor APOBEC3G in complex with ssDNA.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Expansions, diversification, and interindividual copy number variations of AID/APOBEC family cytidine deaminase genes in lampreys.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Epigenomic Modifications Mediating Antibody Maturation.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Biochemical Regulatory Features of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Remain Conserved from Lampreys to Humans.Molecular and cellular biology · 2017Article
- AID Recognizes Structured DNA for Class Switch Recombination.Molecular cell · 2017Article
- Overlapping hotspots in CDRs are critical sites for V region diversification.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- High-throughput mutagenesis reveals functional determinants for DNA targeting by activation-induced deaminase.Nucleic acids research · 2014Article
- Immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation by APOBEC3/Rfv3 during retroviral infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
- Zebrafish AID is capable of deaminating methylated deoxycytidines.Nucleic acids research · 2013Article
- AID/APOBEC deaminases disfavor modified cytosines implicated in DNA demethylation.Nature chemical biology · 2012Article
- Stabilised DNA secondary structures with increasing transcription localise hypermutable bases for somatic hypermutation in IGHV3-23.Immunogenetics · 2012Article
- Altered spectrum of somatic hypermutation in common variable immunodeficiency disease characteristic of defective repair of mutations.Immunogenetics · 2011Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination are initiated by the enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Although other models exist for AID function, one model suggests that AID initiates these processes by deaminating cytidines within DNA, thereby initiating mutagenic repair pathways that involve either UNG or Msh2. Recent work shows that GST-hAID prefers to mutate WRC motifs, a motif frequently mutated in vivo. Because this is a strong argument in favor of the DNA deamination model, we sought to extend this analysis by examining the activity of purified AID with a small polyhistidine tag (His-hAID) on all 16 trinucleotide combinations (i.e., NNC). Here we show that purified His-hAID preferentially mutated cytidines within WRC (i.e., A/T, A/G, C) motifs, but poorly mutated cytidines within GYC (G, C/T, C) motifs. We next compared this mutability preference with those in hypermutating Ramos cells and in msh2(-/-)ung(-/-) mice, since both are reduced or deficient in UNG- and/or Msh2-induced mutations and are thus likely to reflect the sequence specificity of the mutator in vivo. Indeed, the mutation spectrums of purified His-hAID and GST-hAID matched the trinucleotide mutability indexes in Ramos cells and in msh2(-/-)ung(-/-) mice. Thus, the activity of AID on single-stranded DNA produces the same mutation pattern as double-stranded DNA in hypermutating cells. These data lend support to the DNA deamination model and indicate that AID does not require co-factors for its WRC specificity.
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