ArticleJournal of virology2005
Genetic composition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cerebrospinal fluid and blood without treatment and during failing antiretroviral therapy.
Article in Journal of virology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV Reservoirs in Brain parenchyma and Cerebrospinal Fluid During Suppressive ART: Same-Same or Very Different?Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- HIV gp120 induces TREM1 expression through TLR-PGE₂ signalling in human monocyte-derived microglia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Self-reported neurocognitive complaints in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: a viral genome-wide association study.Brain communications · 2024Article
- HIV-1 Tat Upregulates TREM1 Expression in Human Microglia.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- IRAK1 inhibition blocks the HIV-1 RNA mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine response from microglia.The Journal of general virology · 2023Article
- Animal models for studies of HIV-1 brain reservoirs.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Review
- Identification, Quantification, and Characterization of HIV-1 Reservoirs in the Human Brain.Cells · 2022Article
- Neuroimmunology of CNS HIV Infection: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Microglia: The Real Foe in HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders?Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Article
- Drug Resistance Mutation Frequency of Single-Genome Amplification-Derived HIV-1 Polymerase Genomes in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma of HIV-1-Infected Individuals under Nonsuppressive Therapy.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- HIV persists throughout deep tissues with repopulation from multiple anatomical sources.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Comparisons of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Variants in Blood and Genital Fluids near the Time of Male-to-Female Transmission.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- CROI 2019: neurologic complications of HIV disease.Topics in antiviral medicine · 2019Review
- Blood-brain barrier pericytes as a target for HIV-1 infection.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2019Article
- Microglial Cells: The Main HIV-1 Reservoir in the Brain.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Real-time polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis and management of HIV-induced uveitis.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2018Article
- Ultradeep single-molecule real-time sequencing of HIV envelope reveals complete compartmentalization of highly macrophage-tropic R5 proviral variants in brain and CXCR4-using variants in immune and peripheral tissues.Journal of neurovirology · 2018Article
- In vivo characterization of macrophage-tropic simian immunodeficiency virus molecular clones in rhesus macaques.Journal of neurovirology · 2018Article
- Individuals with HIV-1 Subtype C Infection and Cryptococcal Meningitis Exhibit Viral Genetic Intermixing of HIV-1 Between Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid and a High Prevalence of CXCR4-Using Variants.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is a significant cause of morbidity. The requirements for HIV adaptation to the CNS for neuropathogenesis and the value of CSF virus as a surrogate for virus activity in brain parenchyma are not well established. We studied 18 HIV-infected subjects, most with advanced immunodeficiency and some neurocognitive impairment but none with evidence of opportunistic infection or malignancy of the CNS. Clonal sequences of C2-V3 env and population sequences of pol from HIV RNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were correlated with clinical and virologic variables. Most (14 of 18) subjects had partitioning of C2-V3 sequences according to compartment, and 9 of 13 subjects with drug resistance exhibited discordant resistance patterns between the two compartments. Regression analyses identified three to seven positions in C2-V3 that discriminated CSF from plasma HIV. The presence of compartmental differences at one or more of the identified positions in C2-V3 was highly associated with the presence of discordant resistance (P = 0.007), reflecting the autonomous replication of HIV and the independent evolution of drug resistance in the CNS. Discordance of resistance was associated with severity of neurocognitive deficits (P = 0.07), while low nadir CD4 counts were linked both to the severity of neurocognitive deficits and to discordant resistance patterns (P = 0.05 and 0.09, respectively). These observations support the study of CSF HIV as an accessible surrogate for HIV virions in the brain, confirm the high frequency of discordant resistance in subjects with advanced disease in the absence of opportunistic infection or malignancy of the CNS, and begin to identify genetic patterns in HIV env associated with adaptation to the CNS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.