ArticleJournal of virology2005
Elimination of retroviral infectivity by N-ethylmaleimide with preservation of functional envelope glycoproteins.
Article in Journal of virology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Fusion Stage of HIV-1 Entry Depends on Virus-Induced Cell Surface Exposure of Phosphatidylserine.Cell host & microbe · 2017Article
- Flow virometry analysis of envelope glycoprotein conformations on individual HIV virions.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Flow Virometry to Analyze Antigenic Spectra of Virions and Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2017Article
- Imaging and tracking HIV viruses in human cervical mucus.Journal of biomedical optics · 2016Article
- Lymphatic Dissemination of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus after Penile Inoculation.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Antigenic composition of single nano-sized extracellular blood vesicles.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2015Article
- Nucleocapsid Protein: A Desirable Target for Future Therapies Against HIV-1.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2015Review
- HIV-1 gag: an emerging target for antiretroviral therapy.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2015Review
- Review
- Targeting of arenavirus RNA synthesis by a carboxamide-derivatized aromatic disulfide with virucidal activity.PloS one · 2013Article
- Simian immunodeficiency virus interactions with macaque dendritic cells.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2013Review
- Restricted replication of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus in pigtailed macaques.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- HIV type 1 Gag as a target for antiviral therapy.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2012Review
- Semi-solid gels function as physical barriers to human immunodeficiency virus transport in vitro.Antiviral research · 2010Article
- Movements of HIV-virions in human cervical mucus.Biomacromolecules · 2009Article
- Nucleocapsid protein function in early infection processes.Virus research · 2008Review
- A fusion inhibitor prevents spread of immunodeficiency viruses, but not activation of virus-specific T cells, by dendritic cells.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- HIV-1 inactivation by 4-vinylpyridine is enhanced by dissociating Zn(2+) from nucleocapsid protein.Virology · 2008Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The zinc finger motifs in retroviral nucleocapsid (NC) proteins are essential for viral replication. Disruption of these Cys-X2-Cys-X4-His-X4-Cys zinc-binding structures eliminates infectivity. To determine if N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) can inactivate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) preparations by alkylating cysteines of NC zinc fingers, we treated infectious virus with NEM and evaluated inactivation of infectivity in cell-based assays. Inactivation was rapid and proportional to the NEM concentration. NEM treatment of HIV-1 or SIV resulted in extensive covalent modification of NC and other internal virion proteins. In contrast, viral envelope glycoproteins, in which the cysteines are disulfide bonded, remained intact and functional, as assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography, fusion-from-without analyses, and dendritic cell capture. Quantitative PCR assays for reverse transcription intermediates showed that NEM and 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide (aldrithiol-2), a reagent which inactivates retroviruses through oxidation of cysteines in internal virion proteins such as NC, blocked HIV-1 reverse transcription prior to the formation of minus-strand strong-stop products. However, the reverse transcriptase from NEM-treated virions remained active in exogenous template assays, consistent with a role for NC in reverse transcription. Since disruption of NC zinc finger structures by NEM blocks early postentry steps in the retroviral infection cycle, virus preparations with modified NC proteins may be useful as vaccine immunogens and probes of the role of NC in viral replication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.