ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2005
Breast feeding and cardiovascular disease risk factors, incidence, and mortality: the Caerphilly study.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breastfeeding and Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current diabetes reports · 2019Pooled it
- Longitudinal Evaluation from Birth to Adolescence of Soy Protein-Based Infant Formula Compared with Cow Milk-Based Formula and Breastfeeding: A Comprehensive Summary of Findings.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Breastfeeding in Infancy and Adult Health: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Association between being breastfed and cardiovascular disease: a population cohort study of 320 249 participants.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Interactions among maternal smoking, breastfeeding, and offspring genetic factors on the risk of adult-onset hypertension.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Heart Mitochondrial Metabolic Flexibility and Redox Status Are Improved by Donkey and Human Milk Intake.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Racial, Ethnic, and Geographic Disparities in Cardiovascular Health Among Women of Childbearing Age in the United States.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- Personalized Nutrition Approach in Pregnancy and Early Life to Tackle Childhood and Adult Non-Communicable Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Association between birth weight and childhood cardiovascular disease risk factors in West Virginia.Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2020Article
- Breastfeeding duration in infancy and adult risks of type 2 diabetes in a high-income country.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Article
- Family Factors Associated with Selected Childhood Nutrition Aspects in Central Poland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Association Between Breastfeeding and Childhood Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors.Maternal and child health journal · 2019Article
- The association of breastfeeding with insulin resistance at 17 years: Prospective observations from Hong Kong's "Children of 1997" birth cohort.Maternal & child nutrition · 2018Observational
- The protective effects of breastfeeding on chronic non-communicable diseases in adulthood: A review of evidence.Advanced biomedical research · 2014Review
- Article
- Infant-feeding patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in young adulthood: data from five cohorts in low- and middle-income countries.International journal of epidemiology · 2011Article
- Late introduction of complementary feeding, rather than duration of breastfeeding, may protect against adult overweight.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2010Article
- Nutritional programming of disease: unravelling the mechanism.Journal of anatomy · 2009Review
- Breastfeeding in infancy and adult cardiovascular disease risk factors.The American journal of medicine · 2009Article
- Duration of lactation and risk factors for maternal cardiovascular disease.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveTo investigate the association of having been breast fed with cardiovascular disease risk factors, incidence, and mortality.
designProspective cohort study.
settingCaerphilly, South Wales.
participantsAll men aged 45-59 years living in and around the study area. Of 2818 eligible men, 2512 (89%) were seen. Altogether 1580 men (63%) obtained details of how they had been fed in infancy (ever breast fed or only bottle fed) from their mother or a close female relative. A subset of 1062 subjects reported on whether bottle fed or the duration of breast feeding if breast fed. MAIN
resultsBreast feeding was not associated with stature, blood pressure, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, or fibrinogen. In fully adjusted models (controlling for age, birth order, and social position in childhood and adulthood), breast feeding was associated with greater body mass index than bottle feeding (difference: 0.41 kg/m(2) (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.81). There was a positive association between breast feeding and coronary heart disease mortality (hazard ratio: 1.73; 1.17 to 2.55) and incidence (1.54; 1.17 to 2.04) (fully adjusted models). There was no evidence of a duration-response effect, which might be expected if an adverse effect of breast feeding was causal.
conclusionThese data provide little evidence of a protective influence of breast feeding on cardiovascular disease risk factors, incidence, or mortality. A possible adverse effect of breast feeding on coronary heart disease incidence was observed but may have a number of explanations, including selection and information bias. In view of these limitations, further long term studies with improved measures of infant feeding are required to confirm or refute these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.