ArticlePharmaceutical research2004
Oral absorption enhancement of cromolyn sodium through noncovalent complexation.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current Understanding of Sodium N-(8-[2-Hydroxylbenzoyl] Amino) Caprylate (SNAC) as an Absorption Enhancer: The Oral Semaglutide Experience.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2024Article
- Oral Absorption of Middle-to-Large Molecules and Its Improvement, with a Focus on New Modality Drugs.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- SNAC for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability: An Updated Review.Pharmaceutical research · 2023Review
- Impact of preconditioned diabetic stem cells and photobiomodulation on quantity and degranulation of mast cells in a delayed healing wound simulation in type one diabetic rats.Lasers in medical science · 2022Article
- Design of Potential Pharmaceutical-Based Metal Complexes Derived from Cromolyn a Mast Cell Stabilizer.ACS omega · 2020Article
- Intratumoral Administration of a Novel Cytotoxic Formulation with Strong Tissue Dispersive Properties Regresses Tumor Growth and Elicits Systemic Adaptive Immunity in In Vivo Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Intestinal Permeation Enhancers for Oral Delivery of Macromolecules: A Comparison between Salcaprozate Sodium (SNAC) and Sodium Caprate (CPharmaceutics · 2019Review
- Absorption enhancers: applications and advances.The AAPS journal · 2012Review
- Mechanistic understanding of oral drug absorption enhancement of cromolyn sodium by an amino acid derivative.Pharmaceutical research · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo determine the effect of Sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]caprylate (SNAC) on the permeation of cromolyn across Caco-2 cell monolayers and explore the molecular basis for the enhanced absorption.
methodsTransport studies of cromolyn across Caco-2 cell monolayers were conducted in the presence of various SNAC concentrations. Permeation of cellular transport markers and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were measured to evaluate cell integrity. Molecular interactions betweent the two compounds were investigated using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transfrom infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies and molecular dynamics simulations.
resultsThe absorption of cromolyn across Caco-2 monolayers was enhanced markedly by SNAC. SNAC did not cause significant LDH leakage and changes in the permeation of transport markers. ITC, spectroscopies, and molecular dynamic simulations indicated the existence of intermolecular interactions between cromolyn and SNAC that involve the 2-hydroxybenzamide moiety on SNAC and weaken the hydrogen bonding between cromolyn and surrounding water molecules.
conclusionsSNAC increases the permeability of Caco-2 monolayers to cromolyn without measurable cell damage. SNAC interacts with cromolyn mainly via ring stacking. One major mode of interaction appears to involve the insertion of the aromatic ring of SNAC between cromolyn's rings. Such interaction appears to reduce the hydration of cromolyn and thus optimize its hydrophobicity for oral absorption.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.