ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2005
Axonal protein synthesis and degradation are necessary for efficient growth cone regeneration.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 200 papers.
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Who cites it
200 citing papers in PubMed, 407 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral nerve injury alters metabolic function and neuronal excitability through the Lin28/let-7 pathway.Science advances · 2026Article
- Heat shock protein 40 enhances axon regeneration in a mouse model of traumatic optic neuropathy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- An axon-intrinsic loop restricts nerve regeneration through axonal protein synthesis.Science advances · 2026Article
- Phosphatase and tensin homolog: A potential target for therapeutic intervention in optic nerve regeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Sequestration of growth cone surface proteins by cytoplasmic Lrrtm2 inducesbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dynamic subtype- and context-specific subcellular RNA regulation in growth cones of developing neurons of the cerebral cortex.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Caspases: structural and molecular mechanisms and functions in cell death, innate immunity, and disease.Cell discovery · 2025Review
- Limitations to clinically restoring meaningful peripheral nerve function across gaps and overcoming them.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Neuronal maturation and axon regeneration: unfixing circuitry to enable repair.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Genes in Axonal Regeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Translational Relevance of Secondary Intracellular Signaling Cascades Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neural regeneration in the human central nervous system-from understanding the underlying mechanisms to developing treatments. Where do we stand today?Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- The top 100 most cited articles on axon regeneration from 2003 to 2023: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Experimental upregulation of developmentally downregulated ribosomal protein large subunits 7 and 7A promotes axon regeneration after injury in vivo.Experimental neurology · 2023Article
- Customization of the translational complex regulates mRNA-specific translation to control CNS regeneration.Neuron · 2023Article
- Discovery of therapeutic targets for spinal cord injury based on molecular mechanisms of axon regeneration after conditioning lesion.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Integrin-Driven Axon Regeneration in the Spinal Cord Activates a Distinctive CNS Regeneration Program.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Microfluidic Manipulation for Biomedical Applications in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Spatial patterns of the cap-binding complex eIF4F in human melanoma cells.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- Unleashing Intrinsic Growth Pathways in Regenerating Peripheral Neurons.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
140 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Axonal regeneration can occur within hours of injury, the first step being the formation of a new growth cone. For sensory and retinal axons, regenerative ability in vivo correlates with the potential to form a new growth cone after axotomy in vitro. We show that this ability to regenerate a new growth cone depends on local protein synthesis and degradation within the axon. Axotomy in vitro leads to a fourfold to sixfold increase in 3H-leucine incorporation in both neurones and axons, starting within 10 min and peaking 1 h after axotomy. Application of protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide and anisomycin) to cut axons, including axons whose cell bodies were removed, or proteasome inhibitors (lactacystin and N-acetyl-Nor-Leu-Leu-Al) all result in a reduction in the proportion of transected axons able to reform growth cones. Similar inhibition of growth cone formation was observed on addition of target of rapamycin (TOR), p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and caspase-3 inhibitors. Comparing retinal and sensory axons of different developmental stages, levels of ribosomal protein P0 and phosphorylated translation initiation factor are high in sensory axons, lower in embryonic axons, and absent in adult retinal axons. Conditioning lesions, which increase the regenerative ability of sensory axons, lead to increases in intra-axonal protein synthetic and degradative machinery both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these findings suggest that local protein synthesis and degradation, controlled by various TOR-, p38 MAPK-, and caspase-dependent pathways, underlie growth cone initiation after axotomy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.