ArticleAllergy2005
Age- and infection-related maturation of the nasal immune response in 0-2-year-old children.
Article in Allergy, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nasal Microbiota, Olfactory Health, Neurological Disorders and Aging-A Review.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Review
- The Proportion of Infectious Disease Cases, Its Associated Factors, and the Appropriateness of Antimicrobial Prescription Among Rohingya Refugee Pediatric Patients in IMARET Mobile Clinics.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2021Article
- High burden of viral respiratory co-infections in a cohort of children with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Observational
- Comel-Netherton syndrome: A local skin barrier defect in the absence of an underlying systemic immunodeficiency.Allergy · 2020Article
- Clearance of Pneumococcal Colonization in Infants Is Delayed through Altered Macrophage Trafficking.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Diagnostic tools in Rhinology EAACI position paper.Clinical and translational allergy · 2011Article
- The molecular genetics of autism spectrum disorders: genomic mechanisms, neuroimmunopathology, and clinical implications.Autism research and treatment · 2011Article
- Impaired innate and adaptive immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae and its effect on colonization in an infant mouse model.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
- The link between bronchiolitis and asthma.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2005Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe hygiene hypothesis suggests that exposure to micro-organisms influences development of the immune system in children.
methodsIn this study, we examined nasal immune responses in the first 2 years of life in relation to age of children and the number of viral infections they have experienced. Nasal brushes were taken during rhinovirus- (n = 20) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced (n = 7) upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), and of controls (n = 40).
resultsThe number of macrophages were higher during URTI and increased with age. The number of T lymphocytes increased with age in controls and were higher during URTI at all ages. We found an age-related decrease in the number of interleukin (IL)-4- and IL-10-positive cells in controls, while the number of IL-12-positive cells remained unchanged. Changes in T lymphocyte and IL-4 cell number were stronger related to the age of the child than to the number of respiratory infections, while the opposite was true for macrophages.
conclusionsIn infants, we found an infection- and age-related increase respectively for nasal macrophages and T lymphocytes during URTI. Furthermore, the number of IL-4- and IL-10-positive cells decreased with age. Whether this maturation reflects a natural age-related maturation, the degree of exposure to respiratory infections, or possibly both, could not be resolved and needs further study.
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