ArticleEndocrine pathology2004
Cdx2 as a marker for neuroendocrine tumors of unknown primary sites.
Article in Endocrine pathology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- TTF-1, CDX-2, PAX-8 and GATA-3 immunoexpression in a large serie of extrapulmonary small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas: a study of 138 cases.Diagnostic pathology · 2026Article
- Review
- Merkel cell carcinoma: Clinicopathological analysis of three patients and literature review.Open life sciences · 2025Article
- Functional Copy-Number Alterations as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Neuroendocrine Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Review
- CDX2 Expression and Prognostic Factors of Resectable Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2020Article
- Article
- Immunohistochemistry in Diagnostic Parathyroid Pathology.Endocrine pathology · 2018Review
- Histopathological, immunohistochemical, genetic and molecular markers of neuroendocrine neoplasms.Annals of translational medicine · 2018Review
- Immunohistochemical Biomarkers of Gastrointestinal, Pancreatic, Pulmonary, and Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Endocrine pathology · 2018Review
- NKX2.2, PDX-1 and CDX-2 as potential biomarkers to differentiate well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors.Biomarker research · 2018Article
- Pathology of Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Female Genital Tract.Current oncology reports · 2017Review
- Merkel Cell Carcinoma.Surgical pathology clinics · 2017Review
- Mixed Neuroendocrine-Nonneuroendocrine Neoplasms (MiNENs): Unifying the Concept of a Heterogeneous Group of Neoplasms.Endocrine pathology · 2016Review
- SATB2 is a sensitive marker for lower gastrointestinal well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2015Article
- Alternative lengthening of telomeres predicts site of origin in neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases.Journal of the American College of Surgeons · 2014Article
- Cutaneous metastases as an initial manifestation of visceral well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor: a report of four cases and a review of literature.Journal of cutaneous pathology · 2014Review
- The immunohistochemical expression of islet 1 and PAX8 by rectal neuroendocrine tumors should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors of unknown primary origin.Endocrine pathology · 2013Article
- Genes involved in neuroendocrine tumor biology.Pituitary · 2006Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The transcription factors CDX1 and CDX2 are homeobox genes that regulate development of the epithelium of the small and large intestine. A few studies have shown that Cdx2 protein expression is useful in the diagnosis of adenocarcinomas as well as neuroendocrine tumors of the small and large intestine. To examine the utility of Cdx2 in recognizing neuroendocrine tumors of unknown primary sites, we analyzed 224 primary and metastatic neuroendocrine tumors by immunohistochemistry. The specificity of the antibody reaction was confirmed by Western blotting. Cdx2 antibody stained all primary and most metastatic midgut carcinoid tumors. A few rectal and pulmonary carcinoids were positive, while gastric carcinoids were negative for Cdx2. One of five small cell carcinomas (20%) of the colon was positive for Cdx2, while all pulmonary small cell carcinomas were negative. Neuroendocrine tumors of the pituitary, parathyroid, medullary thyroid carcinomas, paragangliomas, pheochromocytomas and Merkel cell carcinomas were all negative for Cdx2. Western blot analysis of seven cases showed a 40 kDa band in both primary and metastatic midgut carcinoid tumors. These results indicate that Cdx2 can be very useful in recognizing metastatic neuroendocrine carcinomas of unknown primary sites, especially when they are derived from the small intestine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.