SynthesisBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2005
Association between hormone replacement therapy and subsequent stroke: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 236 citations in OpenAlex.
- Statistical reanalysis of vascular event outcomes in primary and secondary vascular prevention trials.BMC medical research methodology · 2021Pooled it
- Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Menopausal symptoms.BMJ clinical evidence · 2011Pooled it
- Menopausal symptoms.BMJ clinical evidence · 2010Pooled it
- Association between hormone replacement therapy and subsequent arterial and venous vascular events: a meta-analysis.European heart journal · 2008Pooled it
- Trial
- Sexual Dimorphism in Cardiometabolic Diseases: From Development to Senescence and Therapeutic Approaches.Cells · 2025Review
- Psychometric evaluation of the PROMIS SD-SF-8b instrument in individuals experiencing vasomotor symptoms due to menopause.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2023Article
- Beneficial effect of Gyejibokryeong-hwan on climacteric syndrome with blood stasis pattern: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical pilot trial.Integrative medicine research · 2023Article
- Physiological Concentrations ofBiomolecules · 2022Article
- Age at menarche, age at menopause, reproductive years and risk of fatal stroke occurrence among Chinese women: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.BMC women's health · 2021Article
- Hypertension in Women Across the Lifespan.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2021Review
- Peri- and postmenopause-diagnosis and interventions interdisciplinary S3 guideline of the association of the scientific medical societies in Germany (AWMF 015/062): short version.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2020Article
- Article
- Physical Activity, Hormone Therapy Use, and Stroke Risk among Women in the California Teachers Study Cohort.Neuroepidemiology · 2020Article
- Association between Green Tea Consumption and Risk of Stroke in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Men: The Health Examinees (HEXA) Study.Preventive nutrition and food science · 2019Article
- Hormone Replacement Therapy: Would it be Possible to Replicate a Functional Ovary?International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Current Treatment Options: Headache Related to Menopause-Diagnosis and Management.Current treatment options in neurology · 2018Review
- Menopause and Ischemic Stroke: A Brief Review.MOJ toxicology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo review completed trials assessing effect of hormone replacement therapy on subsequent risk of stroke, assessing stroke by pathological type, severity, and outcome.
designSystematic review of randomised controlled trials identified from the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Medline; reviews; and reference lists of relevant papers. STUDIES REVIEWED: 28 trials, with 39 769 subjects, were identified. REVIEW MEASURES: Rates for cerebrovascular events analysed with a random effects model. Sensitivity analyses for heterogeneity included phase of prevention (primary or secondary), type of hormone replacement therapy (oestrogen alone or combined with progesterone), type of oestrogen (estradiol or conjugated equine oestrogen), size of trial (< 5000 or > 5000 patients), length of follow up ( pound 3 years or > 3 years), sex (women only or men only), and trial quality (high or low).
resultsHormone replacement therapy was associated with significant increases in total stroke (odds ratio 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.13 to 1.47), n = 28), non-fatal stroke (1.23 (1.06 to 1.44), n = 21), stroke leading to death or disability (1.56 (1.11 to 2.20), n = 14), ischaemic stroke (1.29 (1.06 to 1.56), n = 16), and a trend to more fatal stroke (1.28 (0.87 to 1.88), n = 22). It was not associated with haemorrhagic stroke (1.07 (0.65 to 1.75), n = 17) or transient ischaemic attack (1.02 (0.78 to 1.34), n = 22). Statistical heterogeneity was not present in any analysis.
conclusionsHormone replacement therapy was associated with an increased risk of stroke, particularly of ischaemic type. Among subjects who had a stroke, those taking hormone replacement therapy seemed to have a worse outcome. Hormone replacement therapy cannot be recommended for the primary or secondary prevention of stroke.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.