ArticleJournal of medical genetics2005
Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: the Rotterdam Study.
Article in Journal of medical genetics, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Migraine and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2011Pooled it
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- Goalkeepers Live Longer than Field Players: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis Based on World-Class Football Players.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Genetics of the thrombomodulin-endothelial cell protein C receptor system and the risk of early-onset ischemic stroke.PloS one · 2018Article
- Association of Angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion / deletion polymorphism with risk of ischemic heart disease in a population of smokers in southern India.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2015Article
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and peripheral arterial disease in diabetic patients.Experimental diabetes research · 2012Article
- The genomic architecture of sporadic heart failure.Circulation research · 2011Review
- Association of ACE and FACTOR VII gene variability with the risk of coronary heart disease in north Indian population.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2010Article
- ACE genotype, risk and causal relationship to stroke: implications for treatment.Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFindings on the association between the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have been inconsistent. Considering the possible interaction between this polymorphism and smoking, we evaluated the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and myocardial infarction (MI), mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
methodsThe study was performed within the Rotterdam Study, a population based cohort study. The ACE I/D polymorphism was determined for 6714 participants and smoking status recorded at baseline. Fatal and non-fatal MIs and mortality events were regularly recorded. Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed separately for current smokers and non-smokers. We used age as the follow up time, presenting age specific survivals.
resultsDuring follow up, 248 MIs and 301 and 482 deaths, respectively, due to CHD and CVD occurred. There were no significant differences between the genotypes as regards MI incidence. Among smokers, there was an increased risk of CHD and CVD mortality in carriers of the DD genotype compared to the II genotype, which diminished at later ages (p<0.01 for gene-age interaction). Subgroup analysis in a younger and older group (based on the median age of 68.2 years) showed a significantly increased risk of CVD mortality in the younger group (hazard ratio = 5.19; 95% confidence interval: 1.15 to 23.42).
conclusionsThis study showed that the ACE I/D polymorphism is not a strong risk factor for MI but its interaction with smoking might play a role in cardiovascular mortality especially at younger ages.
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