Trial reportAmerican journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism2005
Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity through reduction in muscle lipid and redistribution of lipid into adipose tissue.
Trial report in American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT00108615. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Insulin Sensitizers in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Modulation of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Bangladeshi Type 2 Diabetic Subjects by an Insulin Sensitizer Pioglitazone and T2DM Association With PPARG Gene Polymorphism.
Effects of Pioglitazone on Reverse Cholesterol Transport and HDL Function in Persons With Diabetes
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the effect between pioglitazone and metformin in treating patients with PCOS:a meta-analysis.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2017Pooled it
- Treating prediabetes with metformin: systematic review and meta-analysis.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2009Pooled it
- Pioglitazone does not enhance exogenous glucose oxidation or metabolic clearance rate during aerobic exercise in men under acute high-altitude exposure.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Increased production and reduced urinary buffering of acid in uric acid stone formers is ameliorated by pioglitazone.Kidney international · 2019Trial
- Pioglitazone improves whole-body aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle energy metabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2017Trial
- Resistance training and pioglitazone lead to improvements in muscle power during voluntary weight loss in older adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2013Trial
- The effect of pioglitazone and resistance training on body composition in older men and women undergoing hypocaloric weight loss.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2011Trial
- Effects of intensive insulin therapy alone and in combination with pioglitazone on body weight, composition, distribution and liver fat content in patients with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2011Trial
- Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is increased in obese subjects and decreases in response to pioglitazone.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2010Trial
- Trial
- Pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus when combined with portion control diet modifies the metabolic syndrome.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2009 · on this mapTrial
- Trial
- Effect of pioglitazone treatment on endoplasmic reticulum stress response in human adipose and in palmitate-induced stress in human liver and adipose cell lines.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2008Trial
- The Role of Kupffer Cells and Liver Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Adipose tissue distribution in metabolic disease: depot-specific biology, clinical assessment, and therapeutic remodeling.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Pioglitazone reduces hepatic α-1 antitrypsin accumulation through autophagy and AMPK activation in α-1 antitrypsin-deficient mice.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2025Article
- Distinct Adipocyte Responses to ΔInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Atherosclerosis and Insulin Resistance: Is There a Link Between Them?Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in adults.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Patients with insulin resistance often manifest increased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) along with increased visceral adipose tissue. This study was designed to determine whether the insulin sensitizer drugs pioglitazone and metformin would improve glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity by decreasing IMCL. In this study, 23 generally healthy subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were randomized to receive either pioglitazone 45 mg/day or metformin 2,000 mg/day for 10 wk. Before and after treatment, we measured insulin sensitivity and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue with CT scanning. In addition, muscle biopsies were performed for measurement of IMCL and muscle oxidative enzymes. After treatment with pioglitazone, 2-h glucose fell from 9.6 mmol/l (172 mg/dl) to 6.1 mmol/l (119 mg/dl), whereas there was no change in 2-h glucose with metformin. With pioglitazone treatment, there was a 65% increase in insulin sensitivity along with a 34% decrease in IMCL (both P < or = 0.002). This decrease in IMCL was not due to increased muscle lipid oxidation, as there were no changes in muscle lipid oxidative enzymes. However, pioglitazone resulted in a 2.6-kg weight gain along with a significant decrease in the visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio. In contrast, metformin treatment resulted in no change in insulin sensitivity, IMCL, oxidative enzymes, or adipose tissue volumes. Pioglitazone improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by reducing IMCL. This reduction in IMCL was not due to an increase in muscle lipid oxidation but to a diversion of lipid from ectopic sites into subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.