ArticleThe American journal of pathology2005
Administration of ricin induces a severe inflammatory response via nonredundant stimulation of ERK, JNK, and P38 MAPK and provides a mouse model of hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- The integrated stress response kinase GCN2 prevents ZAKα-Dependent inflammatory hyperactivation in macrophages.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- The Complex Role of MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway in Different Types of Thrombocytopenia.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Ricin Toxicity to Intestinal Cells Leads to Multiple Cell Death Pathways Mediated by Oxidative Stress.Toxins · 2025Article
- Exploring the protective role of caffeine against Taraxacum-Induced ribotoxic stress mediated through autophagy and mitochondrial depolarization.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Profiles Induced by Intranasal Immunization with Ricin Toxin-immune Complexes.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- Oridonin suppresses gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell proliferation by targeting the TNF-alpha/androgen receptor/TGF-beta signalling pathway axis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Expanded Hemodialysis ameliorates uremia-induced impairment of vasculoprotective KLF2 and concomitant proinflammatory priming of endothelial cells through an ERK/AP1/cFOS-dependent mechanism.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Differential ER stress as a driver of cell fate following ricin toxin exposure.FASEB bioAdvances · 2022Article
- Mucosal ribosomal stress-induced PRDM1 promotes chemoresistance via stemness regulation.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Ribosomal stress-surveillance: three pathways is a magic number.Nucleic acids research · 2020Review
- Anti‑inflammatory role of Prunus persica L. Batsch methanol extract on lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated glial cells.Molecular medicine reports · 2020Article
- Early Response to the Plant Toxin Stenodactylin in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Involves Inflammatory and Apoptotic Signaling.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Article
- Ricin and Ricinus communis in pharmacology and toxicology-from ancient use and "Papyrus Ebers" to modern perspectives and "poisonous plant of the year 2018".Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2019Review
- Review
- Characterization of MicroRNA and Gene Expression Profiles Following Ricin Intoxication.Toxins · 2019Article
- Article
- Red Blood Cell Function and Dysfunction: Redox Regulation, Nitric Oxide Metabolism, Anemia.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent interest in the health consequences of ricin as a weapon of terrorism has led us to investigate the effects of ricin on cells in vitro and in mice. Our previous studies showed that depurination of the 28S rRNA by ricin results in the inhibition of translation and the coordinate activation of the stress-activated protein kinases JNK and p38 MAPK. In RAW 264.7 macrophages, ricin induced the activation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK, the accumulation of mRNA encoding tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, the transcription factors c-Fos, c-Jun, and EGR1, and the appearance of TNF-alpha protein in the culture medium. Using specific inhibitors of MAPKs, we demonstrated the nonredundant roles of the individual MAPKs in mediating proinflammatory gene activation in response to ricin. Similarly, the intravenous administration of ricin to mice led to the activation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK in the kidneys, and increases in plasma-borne TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6. Ricin-injected mice developed the hallmarks of hemolytic uremic syndrome, including thrombotic microangiopathy, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. Microarray analyses demonstrated a massive proinflammatory transcriptional response in the kidneys, coincidental with the symptoms of hemolytic uremic syndrome. Therapeutic management of the inflammatory response may affect the outcome of intoxication by ricin.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.