ArticleJournal of virology2005
Characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1, from patients with pneumonia.
Article in Journal of virology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02644135 (A Pilot Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Effectiveness of Halo to Prevent Acute Upper Respiratory Disease and Respiratory Virus Infections), which is not on this map. Cited by 943 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Effectiveness of Halo to Prevent Acute Upper Respiratory Disease and Respiratory Virus Infections
Who cites it
943 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,545 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coronavirus sampling and surveillance in bats from 1996-2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nature microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Tracing the origin of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): A systematic review and narrative synthesis.Journal of medical virology · 2022Pooled it
- The COVID-19 pandemic in a paediatric population: A health care perspective.Journal of mother and child · 2022Pooled it
- Recent advances in functional studies of coronavirus NSP13 helicase and challenges in inhibitor development.Virulence · 2026Review
- A decade of endemic human coronaviruses: epidemiological patterns and clinical significance in an adult cohort at a tertiary care hospital in Germany.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Pathogenicity Difference Between Male and Female mice by Recent SARS-CoV-2/2025.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Near-complete genomes from six human coronavirus HKU1-positive samples recovered by metagenomics in coastal Kenya, 2024-2025.Microbiology resource announcements · 2026Article
- Temperature-dependent replication and sensitivity to innate immunity of human coronavirus HKU1.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Evaluating Memory B Cell Cross-Reactivity Between Ancestral and Future SARS-CoV-2 Variants-Evidence for Original Antigenic Sin.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a proposed link between the SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site and mouse-adapted MERS-coronavirus MA30.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Computational design of an ultrapotent deltacoronavirus miniprotein inhibitor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Establishment of a human coronavirus HKU1 infection evaluation system using apical-out airway organoids.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Mutations to the HCoV-229E spike have counterbalancing effects on serum antibody neutralization and receptor binding.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Whole-Genome Characterization of Rodent Coronaviruses (RCoVs) in Thailand, 2024-2025.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Phylogenetic Characteristics and High Prevalence of aMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Charting the virosphere: computational synergies of AI and bioinformatics in viral discovery and evolution.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Review
- An integrated workflow for structural virology with a 100 keV electron microscope.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Heterologous expression of HCoV-HKU1 ORF 7b by mouse hepatitis virus protects against severe disease during murine infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
883 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite extensive laboratory investigations in patients with respiratory tract infections, no microbiological cause can be identified in a significant proportion of patients. In the past 3 years, several novel respiratory viruses, including human metapneumovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and human coronavirus NL63, were discovered. Here we report the discovery of another novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1 (CoV-HKU1), from a 71-year-old man with pneumonia who had just returned from Shenzhen, China. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed that the amount of CoV-HKU1 RNA was 8.5 to 9.6 x 10(6) copies per ml in his nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) during the first week of the illness and dropped progressively to undetectable levels in subsequent weeks. He developed increasing serum levels of specific antibodies against the recombinant nucleocapsid protein of CoV-HKU1, with immunoglobulin M (IgM) titers of 1:20, 1:40, and 1:80 and IgG titers of <1:1,000, 1:2,000, and 1:8,000 in the first, second and fourth weeks of the illness, respectively. Isolation of the virus by using various cell lines, mixed neuron-glia culture, and intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice was unsuccessful. The complete genome sequence of CoV-HKU1 is a 29,926-nucleotide, polyadenylated RNA, with G+C content of 32%, the lowest among all known coronaviruses with available genome sequence. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that CoV-HKU1 is a new group 2 coronavirus. Screening of 400 NPAs, negative for SARS-CoV, from patients with respiratory illness during the SARS period identified the presence of CoV-HKU1 RNA in an additional specimen, with a viral load of 1.13 x 10(6) copies per ml, from a 35-year-old woman with pneumonia. Our data support the existence of a novel group 2 coronavirus associated with pneumonia in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.