Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
TBX21: a functional variant predicts improvement in asthma with the use of inhaled corticosteroids.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 173 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating MicroRNAs and Treatment Response in Childhood Asthma.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Genome-wide association identifies the T gene as a novel asthma pharmacogenetic locus.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2012Trial
- Disordered colonic microbiota as a potential contributor to inflammation in diarrheal Jinhua weaned piglets.Animal microbiome · 2026Article
- OsMAINTENANCE OF MERISTEM LIKE 1 controls style number at high temperatures in rice.Plant molecular biology · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity of Treatment Response to Asthma.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Review
- Pharmacogenomics of Leukotriene Modifiers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Multiomics analysis identifies BIRC3 as a novel glucocorticoid response-associated gene.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Heterogeneous Condition of Asthmatic Children Patients: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- High Th2 cytokine levels and upper airway inflammation in human inherited T-bet deficiency.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
- Genetic Determinants of Poor Response to Treatment in Severe Asthma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- Pharmacogenomic Response of Inhaled Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Asthma: Considerations for Therapy.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2020Review
- Integrative approach identifies corticosteroid response variant in diverse populations with asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2019Article
- Regulation of IL-17A and implications for TGF-β1 comodulation of airway smooth muscle remodeling in severe asthma.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2019Article
- Precision medicine and phenotypes, endotypes, genotypes, regiotypes, and theratypes of allergic diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Review
- Asthma and Corticosteroid Responses in Childhood and Adult Asthma.Clinics in chest medicine · 2019Review
- Post-viral atopic airway disease: pathogenesis and potential avenues for intervention.Expert review of clinical immunology · 2019Review
- How does race and ethnicity effect the precision treatment of asthma?Expert review of precision medicine and drug development · 2019Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
TBX21 encodes for the transcription factor T-bet (T-box expressed in T cells), which influences naive T lymphocyte development and has been implicated in asthma pathogenesis. Specifically, the T-bet knockout mouse spontaneously develops airway hyperresponsiveness and other changes consistent with asthma. Because airway responsiveness is moderated by the use of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma, it is conceivable that genetic variation in TBX21 may alter asthma phenotypes in a treatment-specific fashion. Here we demonstrate that the nonsynonymous variation in TBX21 coding for replacement of histidine 33 with glutamine is associated with significant improvement in the PC(20) (a measure of airway responsiveness) of asthmatic children in a large clinical trial spanning 4 years. We note that this increase occurs only in the children randomized to inhaled corticosteroids and that it dramatically enhances the overall improvement in PC(20) associated with inhaled corticosteroid usage. The average PC(20) at trial end for subjects on inhaled corticosteroids possessing a variant allele was in the normal range for nonasthmatics. In cellular models, we show that the TBX21 variant increases T helper 1 and decreases T helper 2 cytokine expression comparably with wild type. TBX21 may thus be an important determinant pharmacogenetic response to the therapy of asthma with inhaled corticosteroids.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.