ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2005
Work stress, smoking status, and smoking intensity: an observational study of 46,190 employees.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 316 citations in OpenAlex.
- Job strain and tobacco smoking: an individual-participant data meta-analysis of 166,130 adults in 15 European studies.PloS one · 2012Pooled it
- Smoker characteristics and smoking-cessation milestones.American journal of preventive medicine · 2011Trial
- Online and in-person stress induction in a quasi-avoidance-based Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer task.Learning & behavior · 2026Article
- Educational attainment and employment status in lung cancer patients: a nationwide study.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- How perceived stress and social support shape non-communicable disease risks beyond traditional factors: a machine learning perspective.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Workplace Social Capital Subscales and Their Association With Depressive Symptoms in Japanese Research Institutions.Cureus · 2025Article
- Prevalence and patterns of traditional and e-cigarette use, and factors associated with e-cigarette use.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Association of sociodemographic and occupational stress factors with smoking behavior among healthcare professionals: The mediating role of physical exercise.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Psychological interventions mitigated occupational stress in high-risk workers in Shenzhen, China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Predictors of cigarette smoking and physical inactivity among teachers during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Germany: a cross-sectional analysis of a nationwide online survey.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Levels of work stress among information technology professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in an Indian metropolis.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Work hours, weekend working, nonstandard work schedules and sleep quantity and quality: findings from the UK household longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Gender equality and smoking among 15 to 25 year olds-a time-based ecological analysis of developments in Germany from 1960 to 2005.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Modeling the determinants of smoking behavior among young adults in Khuzestan province: a two-level count regression approach.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Is unassisted smoking cessation choice and success associated with high mental stress? Evidence from six cities in China.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- The Relationship Between Work-Related Stress and Depression: A Scoping Review.Public health reviews · 2024Article
- State-level economic uncertainty and cardiovascular disease deaths: evidence from the United States.European journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Psychosocial work conditions and prediabetes risks: a cross-sectional study in middle-aged men and women.Scientific reports · 2023Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveTo examine the relation between work stress, as indicated by the job strain model, and the effort-reward imbalance model, and smoking.
settingTen municipalities and 21 hospitals in Finland. DESIGN AND
participantsBinary logistic regression models for the prevalence of smoking were related to survey responses of 37,309 female and 8881 male Finnish public sector employees aged 17-65. Separate multinomial logistic regression models were calculated for smoking intensity for 8130 smokers. In addition, binary logistic regression models for ex-smoking were fitted among 16,277 former and current smokers. In all analyses, adjustments were made for age, basic education, occupational status, type of employment, and marital status. MAIN
resultsRespondents with high effort-reward imbalance or lower rewards were more likely to be smokers. Among smokers, an increased likelihood of higher intensity of smoking was associated with higher job strain and higher effort-reward imbalance and their components such as low job control and low rewards. Smoking intensity was also higher in active jobs in women, in passive jobs, and among employees with low effort expenditure. Among former and current smokers, high job strain, high effort-reward imbalance, and high job demands were associated with a higher likelihood of being a current smoker. Lower effort was associated with a higher likelihood of ex-smoking.
conclusionsThis evidence suggests an association between work stress and smoking and implies that smoking cessation programmes may benefit from taking into account the modification of stressful features of work environment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.