ArticleJournal of virology2005
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomic RNA sequences in the female genital tract and blood: compartmentalization and intrapatient recombination.
Article in Journal of virology, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterogeneous Antiretroviral Drug Exposure in Male and Female Genital Tract Tissues.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Role of Tunneling Nanotube-like Structures during the Early Events of HIV Infection: Novel Features of Tissue Compartmentalization and Mechanism of HIV Spread.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Hepatitis E Virus Shows More Genomic Alterations in Cell Culture than In Vivo.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Evidence for both Intermittent and Persistent Compartmentalization of HIV-1 in the Female Genital Tract.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- High discordance in blood and genital tract HIV-1 drug resistance in Indian women failing first-line therapy.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Hepatitis B Virus Adaptation to the CD8+ T Cell Response: Consequences for Host and Pathogen.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Genetic analyses of HIV env associated with uveitis in antiretroviral-naive individuals.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
- Recent increased identification and transmission of HIV-1 unique recombinant forms in Sweden.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- A spatio-temporal assessment of simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) evolution reveals a highly dynamic process within the host.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Phylogenetics and Phyloanatomy of HIV/SIV Intra-Host Compartments and Reservoirs: The Key Role of the Central Nervous System.Current HIV research · 2016Review
- HIV-1 Latency and Eradication: Past, Present and Future.Current HIV research · 2016Review
- A considerable proportion of CRF01_AE strains in China originated from circulating intrasubtype recombinant forms (CIRF).BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Well-mixed plasma and tissue viral populations in RT-SHIV-infected macaques implies a lack of viral replication in the tissues during antiretroviral therapy.Retrovirology · 2015Article
- Pharmacokinetics of antiretrovirals in genital secretions and anatomic sites of HIV transmission: implications for HIV prevention.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2014Review
- HIV migration between blood and cerebrospinal fluid or semen over time.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Article
- Article
- Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 subtypes in Rwanda.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2013Article
- Review
- Human immunodeficiency viruses appear compartmentalized to the female genital tract in cross-sectional analyses but genital lineages do not persist over time.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Investigation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the genital tract of women is crucial to the development of vaccines and therapies. Previous analyses of HIV-1 in various anatomic sites have documented compartmentalization, with viral sequences from each location that were distinct yet phylogenetically related. Full-length RNA genomes derived from different compartments in the same individual, however, have not yet been studied. Furthermore, although there is evidence that intrapatient recombination may occur frequently, recombinants comprising viruses from different sites within one individual have rarely been documented. We compared full-length HIV-1 RNA sequences in the plasma and female genital tract, focusing on a woman with high HIV-1 RNA loads in each compartment who had been infected heterosexually and then transmitted HIV-1 by the same route. We cloned and sequenced 10 full-length HIV-1 RNA genomes from her genital tract and 10 from her plasma. We also compared viral genomes from the genital tract and plasma of four additional heterosexually infected women, sequencing 164 env and gag clones obtained from the two sites. Four of five women, including the one whose complete viral sequences were determined, displayed compartmentalized HIV-1 genomes. Analyses of full-length, compartmentalized sequences made it possible to document complex intrapatient HIV-1 recombinants that were composed of alternating viral sequences characteristic of each site. These findings demonstrate that the genital tract and blood harbor genetically distinct populations of replicating HIV-1 and provide evidence that recombination between strains from the two compartments contributes to rapid evolution of viral sequence variation in infected individuals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.