ArticleImmunogenetics2005
Characterisation and expression analysis of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-21 homologues in the Japanese pufferfish, Fugu rubripes, following their discovery by synteny.
Article in Immunogenetics, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Evolution of γ chain cytokines: Mechanisms, methods and applications.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Review
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- Immunogenetics special issue 2021: Fish Immunology.Immunogenetics · 2021Article
- Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Interacts With IL-2 Receptor Beta (IL-2Rβ): Its Potential to Enhance the Proliferation of CD4+ T Lymphocytes in Flounder (Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Interleukin (IL)-2 Is a Key Regulator of T Helper 1 and T Helper 2 Cytokine Expression in Fish: Functional Characterization of Two DivergentFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- New Genes and Functional Innovation in Mammals.Genome biology and evolution · 2017Article
- Identification of interleukin genes in Pogona vitticeps using a de novo transcriptome assembly from RNA-seq data.Immunogenetics · 2016Article
- Along the Axis between Type 1 and Type 2 Immunity; Principles Conserved in Evolution from Fish to Mammals.Biology · 2015Review
- Identification of a gene for an ancient cytokine, interleukin 15-like, in mammals; interleukins 2 and 15 co-evolved with this third family member, all sharing binding motifs for IL-15Rα.Immunogenetics · 2014Article
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- Comprehensive clarification of two paralogous interleukin 4/13 loci in teleost fish.Immunogenetics · 2008Article
- Identification and characterization of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS-1) homologues in teleost fish.Immunogenetics · 2007Article
- Directional responses following recombinant cytokine stimulation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) RTS-11 macrophage cells as revealed by transcriptome profiling.BMC genomics · 2007Article
- Identification of novel rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) chemokines, CXCd1 and CXCd2: mRNA expression after Yersinia ruckeri vaccination and challenge.Immunogenetics · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This investigation provides the first conclusive evidence for the existence of the interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-21 genes in bony fish. The IL-2 and IL-21 sequences have been determined in Fugu rubripes by exploiting the conservation of synteny that is found between regions of the human and Fugu genomes. The predicted 149-amino acid IL-2 homologue contains the IL-2 family signature, has a predicted secondary structure of three alpha helixes and has the two cysteines important in disulphide-bond formation. It shows low amino acid identities (24-34%) with other known IL-2 sequences. The predicted 155-amino acid IL-21 homologue has a predicted secondary structure of four alpha helixes and has the four cysteines important in disulphide-bond formation. It shows low amino acid identities (29-31%) with other known IL-21 sequences. The gene organisation of Fugu IL-2 and IL-21 and the level of synteny between the human and Fugu genomes has been well conserved during evolution, with the order and orientation of the genes matching exactly to human Chromosome 4. Phytohaemagglutinin stimulation of Fugu kidney cells resulted in a large increase in the Fugu IL-2 and IL-21 transcripts. In vivo stimulation of Fugu with LPS and poly I:C showed IL-21 expression to be localised within mucosal tissues. The discovery of IL-2 and IL-21 in fish will now allow more detailed investigations into T-helper cell responses.
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