ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2004
Single-subject research designs and data analyses for assessing elite athletes' conditioning.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Aristotle's arm-swing hypothesis: biomechanical evidence from forward and inverse dynamics in an Olympic sprinter.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Force-time metric responses to training in an Olympic 400m sprinter across a two-week microcycle: a case study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Enhancing Hand Sensorimotor Function in Individuals with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Novel Tactile Discrimination Feedback Approach Using a Multiple-Baseline Design.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Use of subject-specific models to detect fatigue-related changes in running biomechanics: a random forest approach.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Article
- Extracting proficiency differences and individual characteristics in golfers' swing using single-video markerless motion analysis.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Article
- The Effects of a Weighted Football Intervention on Ball Velocity of a Standard Football Place-Kick among Elite Gaelic Football Goalkeepers: A Single-Subject Designed Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Immediate Effects of Expert and Dyad External Focus Feedback on Drop Landing Biomechanics in Female Athletes: An Instrumented Field Study.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2021Article
- EEG Theta/Beta Ratio Neurofeedback Training in Healthy Females.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2020Article
- Effects of the Barbell Load on the Acceleration Phase during the Snatch in Elite Olympic Weightlifting.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Randomized Single-Case Experimental Designs in Healthcare Research: What, Why, and How?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Recommendations for Measurement and Management of an Elite Athlete.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Heart Rate Variability Monitoring During Strength and High-Intensity Interval Training Overload Microcycles.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Article
- Feasibility and utility of telephone-based psychological support for people with brain tumor: a single-case experimental study.Frontiers in oncology · 2015Article
- Body Segment Inertial Parameters of elite swimmers Using DXA and indirect Methods.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2013Article
- The effect of 15 consecutive days of heat-exercise acclimation on heat shock protein 70.Cell stress & chaperones · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Research in conditioning (all the processes of preparation for competition) has used group research designs, where multiple athletes are observed at one or more points in time. However, empirical reports of large inter-individual differences in response to conditioning regimens suggest that applied conditioning research would greatly benefit from single-subject research designs. Single-subject research designs allow us to find out the extent to which a specific conditioning regimen works for a specific athlete, as opposed to the average athlete, who is the focal point of group research designs. The aim of the following review is to outline the strategies and procedures of single-subject research as they pertain to the assessment of conditioning for individual athletes. The four main experimental designs in single-subject research are: the AB design, reversal (withdrawal) designs and their extensions, multiple baseline designs and alternating treatment designs. Visual and statistical analyses commonly used to analyse single-subject data, and advantages and limitations are discussed. Modelling of multivariate single-subject data using techniques such as dynamic factor analysis and structural equation modelling may identify individualised models of conditioning leading to better prediction of performance. Despite problems associated with data analyses in single-subject research (e.g. serial dependency), sports scientists should use single-subject research designs in applied conditioning research to understand how well an intervention (e.g. a training method) works and to predict performance for a particular athlete.
Indexed as
Identifiers
15575794What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.