ReviewNature reviews. Genetics2004
Gene map of the extended human MHC.
Review in Nature reviews. Genetics, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 535 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
535 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,210 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis of single-nucleus expression quantitative trait loci linking genetic risk to brain disorders.Nature genetics · 2026Pooled it
- Human leukocyte antigen in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of risk and clinical attributes.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Newborn blood DNA methylation and childhood asthma: findings from the ECHO program.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- GWAS meta-analysis of psoriasis identifies new susceptibility alleles impacting disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- The role of genetically predicted serum iron levels on neurodegenerative and cardiovascular traits.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Genome-wide meta-analysis of iron status biomarkers and the effect of iron on all-cause mortality in HUNT.Communications biology · 2022Pooled it
- Genetic meta-analysis of cancer diagnosis following statin use identifies new associations and implicates human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in women.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2021Pooled it
- Association of beta-2-microglobulin and cardiovascular events and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Atherosclerosis · 2021Pooled it
- Major histocompatibility complex-associated odour preferences and human mate choice: near and far horizons.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Classical Human Leukocyte Antigen Alleles and C4 Haplotypes Are Not Significantly Associated With Depression.Biological psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Prognostic performance of cardiogenic shock 4 proteins prediction model in infarct-related cardiogenic shock.ESC heart failure · 2026Trial
- HLA-DRB1 risk alleles for RA are associated with differential clinical responsiveness to abatacept and adalimumab: data from a head-to-head, randomized, single-blind study in autoantibody-positive early RA.Arthritis research & therapy · 2021Trial
- CRP-albumin-lymphocyte index and multisystem diseases: a phenome-wide Mendelian randomization study.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2026Article
- Shared trans-ancestry architecture of HLA-mediated disease risk in theResearch square · 2026Article
- Multi-ancestry gene expression models amplify transcriptome-wide association study discovery and validation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Shared trans-ancestry architecture of HLA-mediated disease risk in themedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Role of Caveolin-1 in Inflammation: Genetic Predisposition and Potential Implication for Multiple Sclerosis.Genes · 2026Review
- Mapping functional non-coding variation in individual human genomes through haplotyping, multiomics, and deep learning.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Leveraging cell-type specificity and similarity improves single-cell eQTL fine-mapping.Nature communications · 2026Article
475 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the most important region in the vertebrate genome with respect to infection and autoimmunity, and is crucial in adaptive and innate immunity. Decades of biomedical research have revealed many MHC genes that are duplicated, polymorphic and associated with more diseases than any other region of the human genome. The recent completion of several large-scale studies offers the opportunity to assimilate the latest data into an integrated gene map of the extended human MHC. Here, we present this map and review its content in relation to paralogy, polymorphism, immune function and disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.