ArticleJournal of virology2004
Fitness costs limit viral escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes at a structurally constrained epitope.
Article in Journal of virology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Focusing HIV-1 Gag T cell responses to highly conserved regions by DNA vaccination in HVTN 119.JCI insight · 2024Trial
- wavess 1.2: Presenting an HLA-aware within-host virus sequence simulation framework.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- wavess 1.2: presenting an HLA-aware within-host virus sequence simulation framework.Bioinformatics advances · 2026Article
- Consensus Sequences forViruses · 2025Article
- Immunotoxin-mediated depletion of Gag-specific CD8+ T cells undermines natural control of SIV.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Article
- Antigen processing and presentation in HIV infection.Molecular immunology · 2019Review
- Hepatitis B Virus Adaptation to the CD8+ T Cell Response: Consequences for Host and Pathogen.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Impaired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replicative fitness in atypical viremic non-progressor individuals.AIDS research and therapy · 2017Article
- CD8(+) T-cell Cytotoxic Capacity Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Control Can Be Mediated through Various Epitopes and Human Leukocyte Antigen Types.EBioMedicine · 2015Article
- Low level of HIV-1 evolution after transmission from mother to child.Scientific reports · 2014Article
- Simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix proteins specify different capabilities to modulate B cell growth.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- CD8+ T cells from HLA-B*57 elite suppressors effectively suppress replication of HIV-1 escape mutants.Retrovirology · 2013Article
- Targeting of conserved gag-epitopes in early HIV infection is associated with lower plasma viral load and slower CD4(+) T cell depletion.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2013Article
- HIV-1 p24(gag) derived conserved element DNA vaccine increases the breadth of immune response in mice.PloS one · 2013Article
- Article
- Uncommon pathways of immune escape attenuate HIV-1 integrase replication capacity.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Widespread impact of HLA restriction on immune control and escape pathways of HIV-1.Journal of virology · 2012Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The intense selection pressure exerted by virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) on replicating human immunodeficiency virus and simian immunodeficiency virus results in the accumulation of CTL epitope mutations. It has been assumed that fitness costs can limit the evolution of CTL epitope mutations. However, only a limited number of studies have carefully examined this possibility. To explore the fitness costs associated with viral escape from p11C, C-M-specific CTL, we constructed a panel of viruses encoding point mutations at each position of the entire p11C, C-M epitope. Amino acid substitutions at positions 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9 of the epitope significantly impaired virus replication by altering virus production and Gag protein expression as well as by destabilizing mature cores. Amino acid substitutions at position 2 of the epitope were tolerated but required reversion or additional compensatory mutations to generate replication-competent viruses. Finally, while amino acid substitutions at positions 1 and 8 of the p11C, C-M epitope were functionally tolerated, these substitutions were recognized by p11C, C-M-specific CTL and therefore provided no selection advantage for the virus. Together, these data suggest that limited sequence variation is tolerated by the region of the capsid encoding the p11C, C-M epitope and therefore that only a very limited number of mutations can allow successful viral escape from the p11C, C-M-specific CTL response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.