ArticleJournal of virology2004
The positively charged termini of L2 minor capsid protein required for bovine papillomavirus infection function separately in nuclear import and DNA binding.
Article in Journal of virology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Efficient Inhibition of Human Papillomavirus Infection by L2 Minor Capsid-Derived Lipopeptide.mBio · 2019Article
- Article
- Review
- A central region in the minor capsid protein of papillomaviruses facilitates viral genome tethering and membrane penetration for mitotic nuclear entry.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- The Role of DCT in HPV16 Infection of HaCaTs.PloS one · 2017Article
- Identification of Broad-Genotype HPV L2 Neutralization Site for Pan-HPV Vaccine Development by a Cross-Neutralizing Antibody.PloS one · 2015Article
- Coat as a dagger: the use of capsid proteins to perforate membranes during non-enveloped DNA viruses trafficking.Viruses · 2014Review
- L2, the minor capsid protein of papillomavirus.Virology · 2013Review
- Virus-like particles for the prevention of human papillomavirus-associated malignancies.Expert review of vaccines · 2013Review
- A transmembrane domain and GxxxG motifs within L2 are essential for papillomavirus infection.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Host-cell factors involved in papillomavirus entry.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2012Review
- The high risk HPV16 L2 minor capsid protein has multiple transport signals that mediate its nucleocytoplasmic traffic.Virology · 2012Article
- Papillomavirus infection requires gamma secretase.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- Article
- Viral entry mechanisms: human papillomavirus and a long journey from extracellular matrix to the nucleus.The FEBS journal · 2009Review
- The role of NH4Cl and cysteine proteases in Human Papillomavirus type 16 infection.Virology journal · 2009Article
- Replication and assembly of human papillomaviruses.Journal of dental research · 2009Review
- Establishment of human papillomavirus infection requires cell cycle progression.PLoS pathogens · 2009Article
- Bovine papillomavirus type 1 infection is mediated by SNARE syntaxin 18.Journal of virology · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
During the papillomavirus (PV) life cycle, the L2 minor capsid protein enters the nucleus twice: in the initial phase after entry of virions into cells and in the productive phase to mediate encapsidation of the newly replicated viral genome. Therefore, we investigated the interactions of the L2 protein of bovine PV type 1 (BPV1) with the nuclear import machinery and the viral DNA. We found that BPV1 L2 bound to the karyopherin alpha2 (Kap alpha2) adapter and formed a complex with Kap alpha2beta1 heterodimers. Previous data have shown that the positively charged termini of BPV1 L2 are required for BPV1 infection after the binding of the virions to the cell surface. We determined that these BPV1 L2 termini function as nuclear localization signals (NLSs). Both the N-terminal NLS (nNLS) and the C-terminal NLS (cNLS) interacted with Kap alpha2, formed a complex with Kap alpha2beta1 heterodimers, and mediated nuclear import via a Kap alpha2beta1 pathway. Interestingly, the cNLS was also the major DNA binding site of BPV1 L2. Consistent with the promiscuous DNA encapsidation by BPV1 pseudovirions, this DNA binding occurred without nucleotide sequence specificity. Moreover, an L2 mutant encoding a scrambled version of the cNLS, which supports production of virions, rescued the DNA binding but not the Kap alpha2 interaction. These data support a model in which BPV1 L2 functions as an adapter between the viral DNA via the cNLS and the Kaps via the nNLS and facilitates nuclear import of the DNA during infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.