ReviewBritish journal of sports medicine2004
Evidence for complex system integration and dynamic neural regulation of skeletal muscle recruitment during exercise in humans.
Review in British journal of sports medicine, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 149 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
149 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 475 citations in OpenAlex.
- Submaximal, Perceptually Regulated Exercise Testing Predicts Maximal Oxygen Uptake: A Meta-Analysis Study.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2016Pooled it
- Comparison of Acute Responses to Two Different Cycling Sprint Interval Exercise Protocols with Different Recovery Durations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Prior Band-Resisted Squat Jumps Improves Running and Neuromuscular Performance in Middle-Distance Runners.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2019Trial
- Pacing strategies during repeated maximal voluntary contractions.European journal of applied physiology · 2014Trial
- Effects of isolated locomotor muscle fatigue on pacing and time trial performance.European journal of applied physiology · 2013Trial
- Six weeks of aerobic training improves VO2max and MLSS but does not improve the time to fatigue at the MLSS.European journal of applied physiology · 2013Trial
- Interaction of central and peripheral factors during repeated sprints at different levels of arterial O2 saturation.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Self-regulation of exercise intensity by estimated time limit scale.European journal of applied physiology · 2012Trial
- Peripheral markers of central fatigue in trained and untrained during uncompensable heat stress.European journal of applied physiology · 2012Trial
- Effect of oral administration of sodium bicarbonate on surface EMG activity during repeated cycling sprints.European journal of applied physiology · 2007Trial
- Constant versus variable-intensity during cycling: effects on subsequent running performance.European journal of applied physiology · 2007Trial
- The rate of heat storage mediates an anticipatory reduction in exercise intensity during cycling at a fixed rating of perceived exertion.The Journal of physiology · 2006Trial
- Changes of motor drive, cortical arousal and perceived exertion following prolonged cycling to exhaustion.European journal of applied physiology · 2005Trial
- High-Intensity Exercise Performance as a Complex Adaptive System: An Integrative Review.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cerebral oxygenation and skeletal muscle responses to time trial, maximal oxygen uptake and time to exhaustion exercise.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Rating of perceived exertion as an indirect indicator of velocity loss during power back squat exercise with moderate loads.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Targeting TGF-β-driven fibrotic, epigenetic remodeling and Bax/Bcl-2 through polyphenol-exercise synergy: molecular implications for biomechanical impairment and rehabilitation in cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Predictive processes linking sense of agency and fatigue: a novel allostatic framework.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Physiological Responder Profiles and Fatigue Dynamics in Prolonged Cycling.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- EEG-Metabolic Coupling and Time Limit at V˙OJournal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A model is proposed in which the development of physical exhaustion is a relative rather than an absolute event and the sensation of fatigue is the sensory representation of the underlying neural integrative processes. Furthermore, activity is controlled as part of a pacing strategy involving active neural calculations in a "governor" region of the brain, which integrates internal sensory signals and information from the environment to produce a homoeostatically acceptable exercise intensity. The end point of the exercise bout is the controlling variable. This is an example of a complex, non-linear, dynamic system in which physiological systems interact to regulate activity before, during, and after the exercise bout.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.