ArticleInfection and immunity2004
Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 CD4+-T-cell epitopes are evenly distributed in conserved and hypervariable regions (HVR), whereas linear B-cell epitopes are predominantly located in the HVR.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Haematology, serum biochemistry, innate and adaptive immune system responses to blood pathogen infections in cattle: A review.Parasitology research · 2026Review
- Screening and Analysis ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Article
- Identification of a T-Cell Epitope That Is Globally Conserved among Outer Membrane Proteins (OMPs) OMP7, OMP8, and OMP9 of Anaplasma marginale Strains and with OMP7 from the A. marginale subsp. centrale Vaccine Strain.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Article
- Cooperation of PD-1 and LAG-3 Contributes to T-Cell Exhaustion in Anaplasma marginale-Infected Cattle.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Antigenic Variation in Bacterial Pathogens.Microbiology spectrum · 2016Article
- Primary Structural Variation in Anaplasma marginale Msp2 Efficiently Generates Immune Escape Variants.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Article
- Immunization-induced Anaplasma marginale-specific T-lymphocyte responses impaired by A. marginale infection are restored after eliminating infection with tetracycline.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Article
- Immunogenicity of hypothetical highly conserved proteins as novel antigens in Anaplasma marginale.Current microbiology · 2014Article
- Antigenic variation and transmission fitness as drivers of bacterial strain structure.Cellular microbiology · 2013Review
- Expansion of variant diversity associated with a high prevalence of pathogen strain superinfection under conditions of natural transmission.Infection and immunity · 2012Article
- Adaptive immunity to Anaplasma pathogens and immune dysregulation: implications for bacterial persistence.Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases · 2012Review
- CD4 T cell antigens from Staphylococcus aureus Newman strain identified following immunization with heat-killed bacteria.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2012Article
- Identification of Anaplasma marginale outer membrane protein antigens conserved between A. marginale sensu stricto strains and the live A. marginale subsp. centrale vaccine.Infection and immunity · 2011Article
- Anaplasma marginale infection with persistent high-load bacteremia induces a dysfunctional memory CD4+ T lymphocyte response but sustained high IgG titers.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2010Article
- Article
- Rapid deletion of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells following infection represents a strategy of immune evasion and persistence for Anaplasma marginale.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2008Article
- CD4 T-cell epitopes associated with protective immunity induced following vaccination of mice with an ehrlichial variable outer membrane protein.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
- Maintenance of antibody to pathogen epitopes generated by segmental gene conversion is highly dynamic during long-term persistent infection.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Organisms in the genus Anaplasma express an immunodominant major surface protein 2 (MSP2), composed of a central hypervariable region (HVR) flanked by highly conserved regions. Throughout Anaplasma marginale infection, recombination results in the sequential appearance of novel MSP2 variants and subsequent control of rickettsemia by the immune response, leading to persistent infection. To determine whether immune evasion and selection for variant organisms is associated with a predominant response against HVR epitopes, T-cell and linear B-cell epitopes were localized by measuring peripheral blood gamma interferon-secreting cells, proliferation, and antibody binding to 27 overlapping peptides spanning MSP2 in 16 cattle. Similar numbers of MSP2-specific CD4(+) T-cell epitopes eliciting responses of similar magnitude were found in conserved and hypervariable regions. T-cell epitope clusters recognized by the majority of animals were identified in the HVR (amino acids [aa] 171 to 229) and conserved regions (aa 101 to 170 and 272 to 361). In contrast, linear B-cell epitopes were concentrated in the HVR, residing within hydrophilic sequences. The pattern of recognition of epitope clusters by T cells and of HVR epitopes by B cells is consistent with the influence of protein structure on epitope recognition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.