ArticleInfection and immunity2004
First-time isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage encoding the Shiga toxin 2c variant, which is globally spread in strains of Escherichia coli O157.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diversity of Shiga toxin transducing phages inFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- The Virulence ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Epidemiology of Shiga Toxin-ProducingToxins · 2019Article
- Enhanced virulence of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 spinach-associated outbreak strain in two animal models is associated with higher levels of Stx2 production after induction with ciprofloxacin.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- Evolution of the Stx2-encoding prophage in persistent bovine Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2013Article
- Article
- Shiga toxin 2 overexpression in Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains associated with severe human disease.Microbial pathogenesis · 2011Article
- Lineage and host source are both correlated with levels of Shiga toxin 2 production by Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2010Article
- Bacteriophage 2851 is a prototype phage for dissemination of the Shiga toxin variant gene 2c in Escherichia coli O157:H7.Infection and immunity · 2008Article
- Variation in virulence among clades of Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with disease outbreaks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2008Article
- Characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates associated with two multistate food-borne outbreaks that occurred in 2006.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2008Article
- Greater diversity of Shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophage insertion sites among Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from cattle than in those from humans.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2007Article
- Chromosomal dynamism in progeny of outbreak-related sorbitol-fermenting enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:NM.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2006Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A bacteriophage encoding the Shiga toxin 2c variant (Stx2c) was isolated from the human Escherichia coli O157 strain CB2851 and shown to form lysogens on the E. coli K-12 laboratory strains C600 and MG1655. Production of Stx2c was found in the wild-type E. coli O157 strain and the K-12 lysogens and was inducible by growing bacteria in the presence of ciprofloxacin. Phage 2851 is the first reported viable bacteriophage which carries an stx(2c) gene. Electron micrographs of phage 2851 showed particles with elongated hexagonal heads and long flexible tails resembling phage lambda. Sequence analysis of an 8.4-kb region flanking the stx(2c) gene and other genetic elements revealed a mosaic gene structure, as found in other Stx phages. Phage 2851 showed lysis of E. coli K-12 strains lysogenic for Stx phages encoding Stx1 (H19), Stx2 (933W), Stx (7888), and Stx1c (6220) but showed superinfection immunity with phage lambda, presumably originating from the similarity of the cI repressor proteins of both phages. Apparently, phage 2851 integrates at a different chromosomal locus than Stx2 phage 933W and Stx1 phage H19 in E. coli, explaining why Stx2c is often found in combination with Stx1 or Stx2 in E. coli O157 strains. Diagnostic PCR was performed to determine gene sequences specific for phage 2851 in wild-type E. coli O157 strains producing Stx2c. The phage 2851 q and o genes were frequently detected in Stx2c-producing E. coli O157 strains, indicating that phages related to 2851 are associated with Stx2c production in strains of E. coli O157 that were isolated in different locations and time periods.
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