ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
Halogen bonds in biological molecules.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 363 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
363 citing papers in PubMed, 1,617 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging Strategies forJACS Au · 2026Review
- Strong interactions between carbones and halogen atomic centers.Chemical science · 2026Article
- Chloride-Selective Transmembrane Channel Formation byJACS Au · 2026Article
- Structural and cellular insights into DCTPP1 antagonists and their synergistic action with DNMT inhibitors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Halogen Bonds or Not? Reassessing Noncovalent Interactions in Crystals of Periodate Anion from the Cambridge Structural Database.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Special Issue "Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis, Design, and Biological Activity".International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Tuning Anticancer Activity and Antimicrobial Response of ZnO Nanoparticles Through Halogenosilane Surface Modification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Probing Weak Halogen Bonding in Aqueous Solution.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Palladium(II) Complexes with Chloro-Substituted Salicyl Schiff Bases: Exploring Multimodal Anticancer Mechanisms and Catalase Inhibition.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Nanocondensate bioadhesive delivery via metal-halogenated catechol coordination in tunicate rhizoid holdfasts.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Molecular Electrostatic Surface Potential: A Predictive Framework for Noncovalent Interactions and Adsorption Characteristics in Molecular Entities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- DPPZ-Naphthalimide Conjugates as G-Quadruplex DNA Targeting Scaffolds: Design, Synthesis and Biomolecular Interaction Studies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of Single Halogen Atom Substitutions on Antiviral Profile of Inhibitors Targeting SARS-CoV‑2 Main Protease.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Halogen Bonds under Electric Field with Quantum Accuracy and Relativistic Basis Sets.The journal of physical chemistry. A · 2026Article
- Free-Standing Halogen-Bonded Nanosheets Formed by Ultrasonic Liquid Exfoliation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Highly electrophilic,Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2026Article
- A QM-AI Approach for the Acceleration of Accurate Assessments of Halogen-π Interactions by Training Neural Networks.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025Article
- Spiroindoline quinazolinedione derivatives as inhibitors of P-glycoprotein: potential agents for overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer therapy.Molecular diversity · 2025Article
- Control of Conical Intersection Dynamics in CFJACS Au · 2025Article
- Halogen bonds between ligands and proteins: Can we use them in validation?Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
303 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Short oxygen-halogen interactions have been known in organic chemistry since the 1950s and recently have been exploited in the design of supramolecular assemblies. The present survey of protein and nucleic acid structures reveals similar halogen bonds as potentially stabilizing inter- and intramolecular interactions that can affect ligand binding and molecular folding. A halogen bond in biomolecules can be defined as a short C-X...O-Y interaction (C-X is a carbon-bonded chlorine, bromine, or iodine, and O-Y is a carbonyl, hydroxyl, charged carboxylate, or phosphate group), where the X...O distance is less than or equal to the sums of the respective van der Waals radii (3.27 A for Cl...O, 3.37 A for Br...O, and 3.50 A for I...O) and can conform to the geometry seen in small molecules, with the C-X...O angle approximately 165 degrees (consistent with a strong directional polarization of the halogen) and the X...O-Y angle approximately 120 degrees . Alternative geometries can be imposed by the more complex environment found in biomolecules, depending on which of the two types of donor systems are involved in the interaction: (i) the lone pair electrons of oxygen (and, to a lesser extent, nitrogen and sulfur) atoms or (ii) the delocalized pi -electrons of peptide bonds or carboxylate or amide groups. Thus, the specific geometry and diversity of the interacting partners of halogen bonds offer new and versatile tools for the design of ligands as drugs and materials in nanotechnology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.