ReviewImmunology2004
Nitric oxide in inflammatory bowel disease: a universal messenger in an unsolved puzzle.
Review in Immunology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 208 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
208 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 530 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical evidence for quercetin against inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Inflammopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Intestinal cytokine mRNA expression in canine inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis with critical appraisal.Comparative medicine · 2009Pooled it
- Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on reducing the chemo-induced oral mucositis severity and on salivary levels of CXCL8/interleukin 8, nitrite, and myeloperoxidase in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized clinical trial.Lasers in medical science · 2017Trial
- The effects of an oral supplement enriched with fish oil, prebiotics, and antioxidants on nutrition status in Crohn's disease patients.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2011Trial
- Design, synthesis, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of novel analogues derived from the natural product reticuline.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Nitric Oxide in the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche: A Spatial Model of Nitrosative Stress and Clonal Evolution in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS2) Expression in Healthy and Inflamed Bowel: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Ulcerative colitis: from molecular pathophysiology to management and the emerging role of natural and pharmacological drug candidates.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Engineering inflammation-responsive proteins through nitric oxide-caged amino acids.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Review
- Microbially derived glutathione from Eubacterium rectale alleviates oxidative stress and promotes intestinal epithelial recovery.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Engineered Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron sense gut inflammation and deliver therapeutic molecules to alleviate colitis in mice.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Lactobacilli Mitigate Gut Inflammation by Modulating T-Helper/T-Regulatory Cells and Suppressing Signaling Pathways in Food-Derived Models.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Emerging mechanistic trends and clinical efficacy for methotrexate: Applications to inflammatory bowel disease.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways by ethanolic extract of Suaeda fruticosa Forssk. Ex J.F.Gmel in animal models of ulcerative colitis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Phytohemical Profiling, Bioactivity and Toxicity Evaluation ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Enhanced Colon Regeneration in Ulcerative Colitis via Mesenchymal Stem Cell Medium and 17-β Estradiol.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Citral impairs intestinal changes caused by ulcerative colitis through modulation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and healing activities.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Dietary Prebiotics Modulate Omeprazole-Induced Alterations in the Gut Microbial Signature.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
148 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, nitric oxide (NO), a gas previously considered to be a potentially toxic chemical, has been established as a diffusible universal messenger that mediates cell-cell communication throughout the body. Constitutive and inducible NO production regulate numerous essential functions of the gastrointestinal mucosa, such as maintenance of adequate perfusion, regulation of microvascular and epithelial permeability, and regulation of the immune response. Up-regulation of the production of NO via expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) represents part of a prompt intestinal antibacterial response; however, NO has also been associated with the initiation and maintenance of inflammation in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent studies on animal models of experimental IBD have shown that constitutive and inducible NO production seems to be beneficial during acute colitis, but sustained up-regulation of NO is detrimental. This fact is also supported by studies on mice genetically deficient in various NOS isoforms. However, the mechanism by which NO proceeds from being an indispensable homeostatic regulator to a harmful destructor remains unknown. Furthermore, extrapolation of data from animal colitis models to human IBD is questionable. The purpose of this review is to update our knowledge about the role of this universal mediator and the enzymes that generate it in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.