ReviewEmerging infectious diseases2004
Contribution of sex-linked biology and gender roles to disparities with trachoma.
Review in Emerging infectious diseases, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Trends in Blindness and Vision Impairment Resulting from Corneal Opacity 1984-2020: A Meta-analysis.Ophthalmology · 2023Pooled it
- Trachoma.Lancet (London, England) · 2025Review
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Trachoma: Cross-Country Inequalities, 1990-2021, with Projections to 2040.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Neglected Tropical Diseases and Female Infertility: Possible Pathophysiological Mechanisms.Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Review
- The Gambia Trachomatous Trichiasis Surveys: Results from Five Evaluation Units Confirm Attainment of Trachoma Elimination Thresholds.Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2024Article
- Twenty-Three Population-Based Trachoma Prevalence Surveys in the Central and Northern Regions of Benin, 2018-2022.Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2024Article
- Optimizing Trichiasis Case Finding to Attain the Elimination of Trachoma as a Public Health Problem.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Review
- Gender differences in trachomatous scarring prevalence in a formerly trachoma hyperendemic district in Tanzania.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Gender differences in the surgical management of trachomatous trichiasis: an exploratory analysis of global trachoma survey data, 2015-2019.International health · 2023Article
- Modelling morbidity for neglected tropical diseases: the long and winding road from cumulative exposure to long-term pathology.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- A systems serology approach to the investigation of infection-induced antibody responses and protection in trachoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Associated factors of the co-occurrence of trachoma and soil-transmitted helminthiases in children 1 to 9 years old in rural communities of the Amazon basin in Loreto Department, Peru: Results from a population-based survey.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Trachoma.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022Review
- Productivity, efficiency and gender equity of community mobilisation approaches in trichiasis campaigns: analysis of programmatic data from seven sub-Saharan African countries.International health · 2022Article
- Dermatology on the global stage: The role of dermatologists in international health advocacy and COVID-19 research.International journal of women's dermatology · 2021Review
- Risk factors for the progression of trachomatous scarring in a cohort of women in a trachoma low endemic district in Tanzania.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Resistance Trends ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Prevalence of trachoma in Pernambuco State, Brazil (2014-2015).Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2021Article
- Gender equality and global health: intersecting political challenges.Journal of global health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Globally, trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness. Survey data consistently show that trachoma-related blindness is two to four times higher in women than men. Tracing the increased risk for trachoma and its consequences for women suggests that other factors besides biology may contribute. Understanding the reasons for the excess risk for and consequences of trachoma in girls and women requires examining a number of issues: Are girls and women more biologically susceptible to the consequences of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis? Could other factors help explain the excess of conjunctival scarring and trichiasis in women? Do gender roles affect the risk for trachoma and its consequences? Are women more likely to have recurrence after trichiasis surgery compared to men? This article explores the answers to these questions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.