ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2005
TNFalpha-stimulated gene product (TSG-6) and its binding protein, IalphaI, in the human intervertebral disc: new molecules for the disc.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- TSG-6 inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix degradation in nucleus pulposus cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2022Article
- The Inter-α-Trypsin Inhibitor Family: Versatile Molecules in Biology and Pathology.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2020Review
- A Retrospective Analysis of the Cartilage Kunitz Protease Inhibitory Proteins Identifies These as Members of the Inter-α-Trypsin Inhibitor Superfamily with Potential Roles in the Protection of the Articulatory Surface.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Novel therapeutic strategies for degenerative disc disease: Review of cell biology and intervertebral disc cell therapy.SAGE open medicine · 2018Review
- Stem cells for spine surgery.World journal of stem cells · 2015Review
- Lentiviral-mediated RNAi targeting caspase-3 inhibits apoptosis induced by serum deprivation in rat endplate chondrocytes in vitro.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2014Article
- Molecular and genetic advances in the regeneration of the intervertebral disc.Surgical neurology international · 2013Article
- Constitutive expression of inter-α-inhibitor (IαI) family proteins and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) by human amniotic membrane epithelial and stromal cells supporting formation of the heavy chain-hyaluronan (HC-HA) complex.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
- Growth factors and anticatabolic substances for prevention and management of intervertebral disc degeneration.Stem cells international · 2012Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell for prevention and management of intervertebral disc degeneration.Stem cells international · 2012Article
- Transcriptional profiling of bovine intervertebral disc cells: implications for identification of normal and degenerate human intervertebral disc cell phenotypes.Arthritis research & therapy · 2010Article
- Non-mechanical inflammatory causes of back pain: Current concepts.Skeletal radiology · 2006Review
- The Michel Benoist and Robert Mulholland yearly European Spine Journal Review: a survey of the "medical" articles in the European Spine Journal, 2005.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2006Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammation and irritation of the nerve roots has been indicated as an important factor in the pain associated with symptomatic disc herniations. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is now believed to be involved in this pathway. TNFalpha causes connective tissue cells in culture to synthesise a glycoprotein, TNFalpha-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6). TSG-6 is found in inflammatory diseases of related connective tissues, such as articular cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis, but is not present in unaffected individuals. In order to determine if TSG-6 occurred in intervertebral disc (and cartilage endplate), we have investigated the presence of TSG-6 and its binding protein, inter-alpha-inhibitor (IalphaI), in 58 herniated and 15 non-herniated discs. Immunostaining for the cytokines, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and TNFalpha, has also been carried out. We have demonstrated that both TSG-6 and IalphaI occur commonly in human intervertebral disc matrix with at least some TSG-6 in 98% of discs studied and IalphaI in all of them. Staining for TSG-6 was greatest in herniated discs, particularly close to blood vessels. IalphaI immunostaining was frequently widespread throughout the disc but there was little in the cartilage endplate. It has been proposed that these molecules have widespread effects, including extracellular matrix stabilisation, down-regulation of the protease network and reduction of inflammation. Hence, the occurrence of TSG-6 and IalphaI in disc tissue could have implications in the aetiopathogenesis and future therapeutics of intervertebral disc disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.