ArticleJournal of virology2004
Effects of mutations in the G tract of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 polypurine tract on virus replication and RNase H cleavage.
Article in Journal of virology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-integrase mechanisms for dolutegravir resistance.Retrovirology · 2026Review
- HIV-1 3΄ polypurine tract mutations and integrase inhibitor resistance.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Review
- Elucidating the mechanism by which HIV-1 nucleocapsid mutations confer resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors.Science advances · 2025Article
- Elucidating the Mechanism by Which HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Mutations Confer Resistance to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- HIV-1 3'-Polypurine Tract Mutations Confer Dolutegravir Resistance by Switching to an Integration-Independent Replication Mechanism via 1-LTR Circles.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Identification of an integrase-independent pathway of retrotransposition.Science advances · 2022Article
- Specific mutations in the HIV-1 G-tract of the 3'-polypurine tract cause resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Limited HIV-1 Subtype CPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Review
- Variability in HIV-1 Integrase Gene and 3'-Polypurine Tract Sequences in Cameroon Clinical Isolates, and Implications for Integrase Inhibitors Efficacy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Article
- An Evolutionary/Biochemical Connection between Promoter- and Primer-Dependent Polymerases Revealed by Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment.Journal of bacteriology · 2018Article
- Recent findings on the mechanisms involved in tenofovir resistance.Antiviral chemistry & chemotherapy · 2014Review
- Rapid screening of HIV reverse transcriptase and integrase inhibitors.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2014Article
- Viral reverse transcriptases show selective high affinity binding to DNA-DNA primer-templates that resemble the polypurine tract.PloS one · 2012Article
- Article
- Ribonuclease H: properties, substrate specificity and roles in retroviral reverse transcription.The FEBS journal · 2009Review
- Article
- Integration of rous sarcoma virus DNA: a CA dinucleotide is not required for integration of the U3 end of viral DNA.Journal of virology · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The RNase H cleavages that generate and remove the polypurine tract (PPT) primer during retroviral reverse transcription must be specific in order to create a linear viral DNA that is suitable for integration. Lentiviruses contain a highly conserved sequence consisting of six guanine residues at the 3' end of the PPT (hereafter referred to as the G tract). We introduced mutations into the G tract of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-based vector and determined the effects on the virus titer and RNase H cleavage specificity. Most mutations in the G tract had little or no effect on the virus titer. Mutations at the second and fifth positions of the G tract increased the proportion of two-long-terminal-repeat (2-LTR) circle junctions with one or two nucleotide insertions. The second and fifth positions of the G tract make specific contacts with amino acids in the RNase H domain that are important for RNase H cleavage specificity. These complementary data define protein-nucleic acid interactions that help control the specificity of RNase H cleavage. When the G-tract mutants were analyzed in a viral background that was deficient in integrase, in most cases the proportion of consensus 2-LTR circle junctions increased. However, in the case of a mutant with Ts at the second and fifth positions of the G tract, the proportion of 2-LTR circle junctions containing the one-nucleotide insertion increased, suggesting that linear viral DNAs containing an extra base are substrates for integration. This result is consistent with the idea that the 3' end-processing reactions of retroviral integrases may help to generate defined ends from a heterogenous population of linear viral DNAs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.