ArticleAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2005
Pregnancy in patients with rheumatic disease: anti-inflammatory cytokines increase in pregnancy and decrease post partum.
Article in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex steroids and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: state of the art.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2020Pooled it
- Systemic lupus pregnancies are characterized by an intrinsic pro-inflammatory monocyte transcriptome, driven by an aberrant miRNA signature.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Article
- Asthma management in pregnancy and lactation: A review of current evidence and best practice recommendations.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Review
- Immune microenvironment dynamics in pregnant patients with concomitant autoimmune diseases: mechanisms, challenges, and clinical significance.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Deciphering the influence of pregnancy on rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis: insights from musculoskeletal ultrasound dynamics.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Observational
- Pre-Pregnancy Counselling for Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Guide on Risks, Evaluations, and Multidisciplinary Approaches.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Incidence and Risk Factors for Pregnancy-Related de Quervain's Tenosynovitis in South Korea: A Population-Based Epidemiologic Study.Clinics in orthopedic surgery · 2023Article
- Interplay of Environmental, Individual and Genetic Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Provocation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Urticaria in Pregnancy and Lactation.Frontiers in allergy · 2022Review
- Asthma in pregnancy: An update.Obstetric medicine · 2021Review
- Pregnancy outcomes in women with ankylosing spondylitis: a scoping literature and methodological review.Clinical rheumatology · 2021Article
- The positive effect of pregnancy in rheumatoid arthritis and the use of medications for the management of rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy.Inflammopharmacology · 2021Review
- The Effects of Sex and Estrogen on Radiographic Progression of Ankylosing Spondylitis in Korean Patients.Journal of rheumatic diseases · 2021Article
- Is gene expression among women with rheumatoid arthritis dysregulated during a postpartum flare?Arthritis research & therapy · 2021Article
- The Influence of Treatment of Inflammatory Arthritis During Pregnancy on the Long-Term Children's Outcome.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Immunological adaptations in pregnancy that modulate rheumatoid arthritis disease activity.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2020Review
- Multicenter Systems Analysis of Human Blood Reveals Immature Neutrophils in Males and During Pregnancy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Postpartum Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: A Case Report and Literature Review.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2017Review
- Regulatory B Cells in Pregnancy: Lessons from Autoimmunity, Graft Tolerance, and Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Parity influences the severity of ACPA-negative early rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study based on the Swedish EIRA material.Arthritis research & therapy · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate changes in the levels of circulating cytokines with a focus on the Th1/Th2 balance during and after pregnancy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
methodsPlasma and serum samples of 34 pregnant patients, 19 with RA, 6 with JIA, and 9 with AS, and of 30 healthy pregnant women, 20 non-pregnant patients, and 10 non-pregnant healthy women were analysed for levels of interferon gamma (IFNgamma), interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL10, IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR), and soluble CD30 (sCD30) by ELISA. Clinical assessment and blood sampling in pregnant women was done once in each trimester and 6, 12, and 24 weeks post partum. Disease activity in the patients was evaluated by validated clinical instruments and correlated with circulating levels of cytokines.
resultsLow levels of IL10 were found sporadically, whereas IFNgamma and IL1beta were below detection level in the samples tested. Significantly higher concentrations of sTNFR and IL1Ra were measured in pregnant than in non-pregnant subjects. An increase of IL1Ra from the second to the third trimester correlated with improvement of disease activity in patients with RA and AS. Compared with non-pregnant patients and the other pregnant women, patients with RA showed markedly raised levels of sCD30 during pregnancy.
conclusionsIFNgamma and IL10, markers of a Th1 and Th2 response, respectively, were either low or undetectable in the cohorts analysed. The increase of cytokine inhibitors IL1Ra and sTNFR was related to pregnancy and was independent of an underlying disease. These anti-inflammatory mediators seem to affect disease activity.
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