Evidence map›Paper›PMID 15535864›Full record

ArticleGenome biology2004

Phylogenomic evidence supports past endosymbiosis, intracellular and horizontal gene transfer in Cryptosporidium parvum.

Jinling Huang, Nandita Mullapudi, Cheryl A Lancto, Marla Scott, Mitchell S Abrahamsen, Jessica C Kissinger

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 156 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The history of cryptosporidiosis.Parasites & vectors · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. The Long and Short of Next Generation Sequencing forFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. The apicoplast: now you see it, now you don't.International journal for parasitology · 2017
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Factors mediating plastid dependency and the origins of parasitism in apicomplexans and their close relatives.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Jinling HuangCenter for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. jihuang@uga.edu
Nandita Mullapudi
Cheryl A Lancto
Marla Scott
Mitchell S Abrahamsen
Jessica C Kissinger
University of Georgia · USUniversity of Minnesota · US

Funding

Production of New Adenovector Constructs with Fiber-Shaft ModificationsZ01AI005093 · NIAID · NIAID EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITIES · PI WALLACE, KIMBERLY · 2007 to 2008
$2.7M
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM GENOME SEQUENCING PROJECT (MINN)U01AI046397 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI ABRAHAMSEN, MITCHELL S · 2000 to 2002
$2.2M
GENE DISCOVERY IN TOXOPLASMA GONDIIR01AI045806 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI SIBLEY, L DAVID · 2000 to 2003
$1.6M
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 AI005093NIAID NIH HHS 1R01AI045806-01A1NIAID NIH HHS AI05093NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI045806NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI 46397Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is an emerging pathogen capable of causing illness in humans and other animals and death in immunocompromised individuals. No effective treatment is available and the genome sequence has recently been completed. This parasite differs from other apicomplexans in its lack of a plastid organelle, the apicoplast. Gene transfer, either intracellular from an endosymbiont/donor organelle or horizontal from another organism, can provide evidence of a previous endosymbiotic relationship and/or alter the genetic repertoire of the host organism. Given the importance of gene transfers in eukaryotic evolution and the potential implications for chemotherapy, it is important to identify the complement of transferred genes in Cryptosporidium.

resultsWe have identified 31 genes of likely plastid/endosymbiont (n = 7) or prokaryotic (n = 24) origin using a phylogenomic approach. The findings support the hypothesis that Cryptosporidium evolved from a plastid-containing lineage and subsequently lost its apicoplast during evolution. Expression analyses of candidate genes of algal and eubacterial origin show that these genes are expressed and developmentally regulated during the life cycle of C. parvum.

conclusionsCryptosporidium is the recipient of a large number of transferred genes, many of which are not shared by other apicomplexan parasites. Genes transferred from distant phylogenetic sources, such as eubacteria, may be potential targets for therapeutic drugs owing to their phylogenetic distance or the lack of homologs in the host. The successful integration and expression of the transferred genes in this genome has changed the genetic and metabolic repertoire of the parasite.

Indexed as

Genome, ProtozoanPhylogeny1,4-alpha-Glucan Branching EnzymeAnimalsCryptosporidium parvumEukaryotaEvolution, MolecularGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression RegulationGenesGenes, BacterialGene Transfer, HorizontalSymbiosis1,4-alpha-Glucan Branching Enzyme

Identifiers

PMID15535864
PMCPMC545779
OpenAlexW2103103799

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.