ArticleGenome research2004
The human L1 promoter: variable transcription initiation sites and a major impact of upstream flanking sequence on promoter activity.
Article in Genome research, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of LINE-1 methylation in predicting survival among colorectal cancer patients: a meta-analysis.International journal of clinical oncology · 2017Pooled it
- A stable and potent buffalo EF1α1 promoter for robust gene expression in mammalian systems.Transgenic research · 2026Article
- LINE-1 Retrotransposons and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- LINE-1 retrotransposition is a recurrent cause ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Association of LINE-1 RNA expressions in cell lines with longevity and reproductive lifespan.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- An endogenous retroviral element co-opts an upstream regulatory sequence to achieve somatic expression and mobility.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Transposable elements as genome regulators in normal and malignant haematopoiesis.Blood cancer journal · 2025Review
- Regulation and function of transposable elements in cancer genomes.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- Northern blotting of endogenous full-length human-specific LINE-1 RNA.Biology methods & protocols · 2024Article
- Biallelic CC2D2A variants, SNV and LINE-1 insertion simultaneously identified in siblings using long-read whole-genome sequencing and haplotype phasing.Journal of human genetics · 2023Article
- L1 chimeric transcripts are expressed in healthy brain and their deregulation in glioma follows that of their host locus.Human molecular genetics · 2022Article
- Somatic retrotransposition in the developing rhesus macaque brain.Genome research · 2022Article
- The Role of Transposable Elements of the Human Genome in Neuronal Function and Pathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Analysis of epigenetic features characteristic of L1 loci expressed in human cells.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Olfactory receptor coding sequences cause silencing of episomal constructs in multiple cell lines.Molecular and cellular neurosciences · 2021Article
- Role of long interspersed nuclear element-1 in the regulation of chromatin landscapes and genome dynamics.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2021Review
- Widespread Exaptation of L1 Transposons for Transcription Factor Binding in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Genomic Analysis Revealed a Convergent Evolution of LINE-1 in Coat Color: A Case Study in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- TFs for TEs: the transcription factor repertoire of mammalian transposable elements.Genes & development · 2021Review
- Widespread sex dimorphism in aging and age-related diseases.Human genetics · 2020Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human L1 elements are non-LTR retrotransposons that comprise approximately 17% of the human genome. Their 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) serves as a promoter for L1 transcription. Now we find that transcription initiation sites are not restricted to nucleotide +1 but vary considerably in both downstream and upstream directions. Transcription initiating upstream explains additional nucleotides often seen between the 5'-target site duplication and the L1 start site. A higher frequency of G nucleotides observed upstream from the L1 can be explained by reverse transcription of the L1 RNA 5'-CAP, which is further supported by extra Gs seen for full-length HERV-W pseudogenes. We assayed 5'-UTR promoter activities for several full-length human L1 elements, and found that upstream flanking cellular sequences strongly influence the L1 5'-UTR promoter. These sequences either repress or enhance the L1 promoter activity. Therefore, the evolutionary success of a human L1 in producing progeny depends not only on the L1 itself, but also on its genomic integration site. The promoter mechanism of L1 is reminiscent of initiator (Inr) elements that are TATA-less promoters expressing several cellular genes. We suggest that the L1 5'-UTR is able to form an Inr element that reaches into upstream flanking sequence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.