ArticleJournal of bacteriology2004
The operator and early promoter region of the Shiga toxin type 2-encoding bacteriophage 933W and control of toxin expression.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ribosome-inactivating proteins in bacteria.Microbial genomics · 2026Review
- Excess A-subunits of Shiga toxin 2a are produced in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- RpoS impacts global gene expression and carbon source utilization inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Diversity of Shiga toxin transducing phages inFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Dynamic changes in Shiga toxin (Stx) 1 transducing phage throughout the evolution of O26:H11 Stx-producing Escherichia coli.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Global population structure, genomic diversity and carbohydrate fermentation characteristics of clonal complex 119 (CC119), an understudied Shiga toxin-producingMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Bacteriophage and Bacterial Susceptibility, Resistance, and Tolerance to Antibiotics.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Article
- The global population structure and evolutionary history of the acquisition of major virulence factor-encoding genetic elements in Shiga toxin-producingMicrobial genomics · 2021Article
- Article
- Bacteriophages of Shiga Toxin-ProducingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Genomic Characterization of Two Shiga Toxin-Converting Bacteriophages Induced From Environmental Shiga Toxin-ProducingFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Characterization of Shiga Toxin 2a Encoding Bacteriophages Isolated From High-Virulent O145:H25 Shiga Toxin-ProducingFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Isolation and Characterization of Shiga Toxin Bacteriophages.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2021Article
- Stable Neutralization of a Virulence Factor in Bacteria Using Temperate Phage in the Mammalian Gut.mSystems · 2020Article
- Genetic and Functional Analyses of Virulence Potential of anFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Pathogenomes of Atypical Non-shigatoxigenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Roles of Shiga Toxins in Immunopathology.Toxins · 2019Review
- Cheating, facilitation and cooperation regulate the effectiveness of phage-encoded exotoxins as antipredator molecules.MicrobiologyOpen · 2019Article
- Host-hijacking and planktonic piracy: how phages command the microbial high seas.Virology journal · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The genes encoding Shiga toxin (Stx), the major virulence factor of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, are carried in the genomes of bacteriophages that belong to the lambdoid family of phages. Previous studies demonstrated that induction of prophages encoding stx significantly enhances the production and/or release of Stx from the bacterium. Therefore, factors that regulate the switch between lysogeny and lytic growth, e.g., repressor, operator sites, and associated phage promoters, play important roles in regulating the production and/or release of Stx. We report the results of genetic and biochemical studies characterizing these elements of the Stx-encoding bacteriophage 933W. Like lambda, 933W has three operator repeats in the right operator region (OR), but unlike lambda and all other studied lambdoid phages, which have three operator repeats in the left operator region (OL), 933W only has two operator repeats in OL. As was observed with lambda, the 933W OR and OL regions regulate transcription from the early PR and PL promoters, respectively. A lysogen carrying a 933W derivative encoding a noncleavable repressor fails to produce Stx, unlike a lysogen carrying a 933W derivative encoding a cleavable repressor. This finding provides direct evidence that measurable expression of the stx genes encoded by a 933W prophage requires induction of that prophage with the concomitant initiation of phage gene expression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.