Evidence map›Paper›PMID 15504832›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2004

Four variants of the Citrobacter freundii AmpC-Type cephalosporinases, including novel enzymes CMY-14 and CMY-15, in a Proteus mirabilis clone widespread in Poland.

Elzbieta Literacka, Joanna Empel, Anna Baraniak, Ewa Sadowy, Waleria Hryniewicz, Marek Gniadkowski

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In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Phenotypic and Molecular Study of Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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  13. Article
  14. AmpC beta-lactamases.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2009
    Review
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  16. Review
  17. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Elzbieta LiterackaNational Institute of Public Health, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland.
Joanna Empel
Anna Baraniak
Ewa Sadowy
Waleria Hryniewicz
Marek Gniadkowski
National Institute of Public Health · PL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Twenty-nine Proteus mirabilis isolates from 17 Polish hospitals were analyzed. The isolates were resistant to a variety of antimicrobials, and their patterns of resistance to beta-lactams resembled those of the constitutive class C cephalosporinase (AmpC) producers. Indeed, beta-lactamases with a pI of approximately 9.0 were found in all of the isolates, and they were subsequently identified as four AmpC-type cephalosporinases, CMY-4, -12, -14, and -15, of which the two last ones were novel enzyme variants. The enzymes were of Citrobacter freundii origin and were closely related to each other, with CMY-4 likely being the evolutionary precursor of the remaining ones. The bla(CMY) genes were located exclusively in chromosomal DNA, within EcoRI restriction fragments of the same size of approximately 10 kb. In the CMY-12- and -15-producing isolates, an additional fragment of approximately 4.5 kb hybridized with the bla(CMY) probe as well, which could have arisen from a duplication event during the evolution of the genes. In all of the isolates, the ISEcp1 mobile element, which most probably is involved in mobilization of the C. freundii ampC gene, was placed at the same distance from the 5' ends of the bla(CMY) genes, and sequences located between them were identical in isolates carrying each of the four genes. These data suggested that a single chromosome-to-chromosome transfer of the ampC gene from C. freundii to P. mirabilis could have initiated the spread and evolution of the AmpC-producing P. mirabilis in Poland. The hypothesis seems to be confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing, which revealed several cases of close relatedness between the P. mirabilis isolates from distant centers and showed an overall similarity between the majority of the multiresistant isolates.

Indexed as

Amino Acid SequenceBacterial Proteinsbeta-LactamasesCitrobacter freundiiCloning, MolecularDNA, BacterialElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldIsoelectric FocusingMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMolecular Sequence DataPolandProteus InfectionsProteus mirabilisReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionAmpC beta-lactamasesBacterial Proteinsbeta-lactamase CMY-14, Citrobacter freundiibeta-lactamase CMY-15, Citrobacter freundiibeta-LactamasesDNA, Bacterial

Identifiers

PMID15504832
PMCPMC525428
OpenAlexW1990513917

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.