Trial reportInfection and immunity2004
Phase I testing of a malaria vaccine composed of hepatitis B virus core particles expressing Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite epitopes.
Trial report in Infection and immunity, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- In silico design of a T-cell epitope vaccine candidate for parasitic helminth infection.PLoS pathogens · 2020Pooled it
- Antibody Persistence in Adults Two Years after Vaccination with an H1N1 2009 Pandemic Influenza Virus-Like Particle Vaccine.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Longevity and composition of cellular immune responses following experimental Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in humans.PLoS pathogens · 2011Trial
- A DNA prime-modified vaccinia virus ankara boost vaccine encoding thrombospondin-related adhesion protein but not circumsporozoite protein partially protects healthy malaria-naive adults against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite challenge.Infection and immunity · 2006Trial
- Safety and enhanced immunogenicity of a hepatitis B core particle Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine formulated in adjuvant Montanide ISA 720 in a phase I trial.Infection and immunity · 2005Trial
- EPIclip: A Novel Approach for the Production of Decorated Virus-Like Particles Mediated by High-Affinity Protein Binding Partners.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Engineering strategies and decision frameworks for virus-like particle-based vaccines against infectious diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- A synthetic cyclic peptide for promoting antigen presentation and immune activation.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Article
- Immunogenicity and protection mediated by dmLT and alum adjuvants for an HIV-1 vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Glioblastoma vaccines: past, present, and opportunities.EBioMedicine · 2024Review
- Platforms, advances, and technical challenges in virus-like particles-based vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Recombinant vaccines in 2022: a perspective from the cell factory.Microbial cell factories · 2022Review
- Flagellin/Virus-like Particle Hybrid Platform with High Immunogenicity, Safety, and Versatility for Vaccine Development.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2022Article
- Peptide-based supramolecular vaccine systems.Acta biomaterialia · 2021Review
- Emerging concepts in the science of vaccine adjuvants.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2021Review
- Virus-like particles: preparation, immunogenicity and their roles as nanovaccines and drug nanocarriers.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2021Review
- A bivalent antihypertensive vaccine targeting L-type calcium channels and angiotensin ATBritish journal of pharmacology · 2020Article
- Synthesis and Assembly of Hepatitis B Virus-Like Particles in aFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We report the first phase I trial to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a malaria vaccine candidate, ICC-1132 (Malarivax), composed of a modified hepatitis B virus core protein (HBc) containing minimal epitopes of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) protein. When expressed in Escherichia coli, the recombinant ICC-1132 protein forms virus-like particles that were found to be highly immunogenic in preclinical studies of mice and monkeys. Twenty healthy adult volunteers received a 20- or a 50-microg dose of alum-adsorbed ICC-1132 administered intramuscularly at 0, 2, and 6 months. The majority of volunteers in the group receiving the 50-microg dose developed antibodies to CS repeats as well as to HBc. Malaria-specific T cells that secreted gamma interferon were also detected after a single immunization with ICC-1132-alum. These studies support ICC-1132 as a promising malaria vaccine candidate for further clinical testing using more-potent adjuvant formulations and confirm the potential of modified HBc virus-like particles as a delivery platform for vaccines against other human pathogens.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.