ArticleInfection and immunity2004
The infecting dose of Chlamydia muridarum modulates the innate immune response and ascending infection.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infectivity of a pathogenicity-attenuatedInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Chlamydiosis in Animals.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Advances inMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Article
- Ascension of Chlamydia is moderated by uterine peristalsis and the neutrophil response to infection.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Modulation of Immune Response toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- The Role of MicroRNA-155 in Chlamydia muridarum Infected lungs.Microbes and infection · 2020Article
- Penicillin-binding proteins regulate multiple steps in the polarized cell division process of Chlamydia.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Parenteral vaccination protects against transcervical infection withNPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- Article
- Genital Infiltrations of CD4Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Effect of cold water-induced stress on immune response, pathology and fertility in mice during Chlamydia muridarum genital infection.Pathogens and disease · 2017Article
- A Protective Vaccine against Chlamydia Genital Infection Using Vault Nanoparticles without an Added Adjuvant.Vaccines · 2017Article
- Expression of CXCR3 on Adaptive and Innate Immune Cells Contributes Oviduct Pathology throughoutJournal of mucosal immunology research · 2017Article
- The effect of infectious dose on humoral and cellular immune responses in Chlamydophila caviae primary ocular infection.PloS one · 2017Article
- Induction of partial immunity in both males and females is sufficient to protect females against sexual transmission of Chlamydia.Mucosal immunology · 2016Article
- The Chromosome-Encoded Hypothetical Protein TC0668 Is an Upper Genital Tract Pathogenicity Factor of Chlamydia muridarum.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ESR1)-Dependent Regulation of the Mouse Oviductal Transcriptome.PloS one · 2016Article
- Chlamydia muridarum infection of macrophages elicits bactericidal nitric oxide production via reactive oxygen species and cathepsin B.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Chlamydia muridarum infection associated host MicroRNAs in the murine genital tract and contribution to generation of host immune response.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Murine vaginal infection with the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia muridarum is commonly used as a model for ascending Chlamydia infections of the human female genital tract. Gamma interferon-producing Th1 cells, in concert with other mononuclear infiltrates, primarily mediate antichlamydial immunity. However, many factors modify this response, including the bacterial load. To investigate the manner in which the inoculating dose of C. muridarum modulates a genital infection, we measured innate and adaptive cell numbers, CD4+ lymphocyte cytokine profile, chemokine expression, course of infection, and pathological sequelae in genital tracts of BALB/c mice infected with doses of C. muridarum ranging from 10(4) to 10(7) inclusion-forming units. We found that the influx of both innate and adaptive immune cells responded similarly in the lower genital tract (cervical-vaginal tissues) and upper genital tract (oviduct tissues) to increasing inoculating doses. However, cells expressing the innate markers Gr-1 and CD11c were affected to a greater degree by increasing dose than lymphocytes of the adaptive immune response (Th1, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+), resulting in a change in the balance of innate and adaptive cell numbers to favor innate cells at higher infecting doses. Surprisingly, we detected greater numbers of viable chlamydiae in the oviducts at lower inoculating doses, and the number of organisms appeared to directly correlate with hydrosalpinx formation after both primary infection and repeat infection. Taken together, these data suggest that innate immune cells contribute to control of ascending infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.