ArticleReproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E2004
Factors involved in the inflammatory events of cervical ripening in humans.
Article in Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulation of GTP-binding protein (Gαs) expression in human myometrial cells: a role for tumor necrosis factor in modulating Gαs promoter acetylation by transcriptional complexes.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Trial
- Prostaglandin-induced cervical remodelling in humans in the first trimester is associated with increased expression of specific tight junction, but not gap junction proteins.Journal of translational medicine · 2012Trial
- A combination of misoprostol and estradiol for preoperative cervical ripening in postmenopausal women: a randomised controlled trial.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2010Trial
- Prostaglandin treatment is associated with a withdrawal of progesterone and androgen at the receptor level in the uterine cervix.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2009Trial
- The Role of Papaverine in the Molecular and Biomechanical Mechanisms of Cervical Ripening: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Failed induction of human labour is associated with an altered myometrial phosphoproteome.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Impact of Oxidative Stress on Molecular Mechanisms of Cervical Ripening in Pregnant Women.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Spontaneous preterm birth: Involvement of multiple feto-maternal tissues and organ systems, differing mechanisms, and pathways.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Article
- PKA and AKIP1 interact to mediate cAMP-driven COX-2 expression: A potentially pivotal interaction in preterm and term labour.PloS one · 2021Article
- Non-inflammatory Physiology of "Inflammatory" Mediators -Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Differential Response of Gestational Tissues to TLR3 Viral Priming Prior to Exposure to Bacterial TLR2 and TLR2/6 Agonists.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- The Reactivity Levels of Progesterone, Nitric Oxide and Nuclear Factor Kappa-B on the Serum of Term and Post-Term Pregnancy, Clinical Study in Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia.Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences · 2019Article
- Effects of macrophage depletion on characteristics of cervix remodeling and pregnancy in CD11b-dtr mice.Biology of reproduction · 2019Article
- Contributions to the dynamics of cervix remodeling prior to term and preterm birth.Biology of reproduction · 2017Review
- Positive correlation between patency and mRNA levels for cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E synthase in the uterine cervix of bitches with pyometra.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2016Article
- Vaginal progesterone, but not 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, has antiinflammatory effects at the murine maternal-fetal interface.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCervical ripening is an inflammatory reaction. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediates glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory reactions, whereas nuclear factor (NF)kappaB is a key pro-inflammatory transcription factor. Prostaglandins as well as platelet activating factor (PAF) are inflammatory mediators. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) regulates the level of nitric oxide (NO) in response to various inflammatory stimuli. We hypothesize that a changed biological response to glucocorticoids could be a mechanism regulating the inflammatory events resulting in cervical ripening.
methodsWe monitored GR and NFkappaB, prostaglandin synthases cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2, iNOS, as well as the PAF-receptor (PAF-R) in the uterine cervix from term pregnant women (with unripe cervices) before the onset of labor (TP), immediately after parturition (PP), as compared to non-pregnant (NP), using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.
resultsThe GR protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in the nuclei of stroma and squamous epithelium (SQ). Stromal GR staining was increased in TP as compared to the NP group and decreased again after parturition. GR staining in SQ was decreased after parturition as compared to term. NFkappaB was present in SQ and glandular epithelium (GE), stroma and vascular endothelium. Increased nuclear NFkappaB staining was observed postpartum as compared to term pregnancy in stroma and GE. Stromal immunostaining for COX-1 as well as COX-2 was increased in the TP and PP groups as compared to the NP, and GE displayed an intensely increased COX-2 immunostaining at term and postpartum. Stromal PAF-R immunostaining was highest at term, while it was greatly increased in GE postpartum. No difference in the immunostaining for iNOS was found between the groups. RT-PCR showed a predominance of GRalpha to GRbeta mRNA in cervical tissue. The COX-2 mRNA level was increased in the PP group as compared to the TP group.
conclusionsThere is a decrease in GR levels in human cervix at parturition. Concomitantly there is an increase of factors such as NFkappaB, PAF-R, COX-1 and COX-2, suggesting that they may participate in the sequence of events leading to the final cervical ripening.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.