ArticleImmunology2004
Immunosuppression, interleukin-10 synthesis and apoptosis are induced in rats inoculated with Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan.
Article in Immunology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- ReportedFEMS microbes · 2026Article
- The Capsular Polysaccharides GXM and GXMGal fromMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- DoesFuture microbiology · 2025Article
- The Hidden Fortress: A Comprehensive Review of Fungal Biofilms with Emphasis onJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Immunity to fungi and vaccine considerations.Cell host & microbe · 2024Review
- Non-self glycan structures as possible modulators of cancer progression: would polysaccharides from Cryptococcus spp. impact this phenomenon?Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Review
- Fungal resilience and host-pathogen interactions: Future perspectives and opportunities.Parasite immunology · 2023Review
- The Sweet Side of Fungal Infections: Structural Glycan Diversity and Its Importance for Pathogenic Adaptation.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Fungal-Induced Programmed Cell Death.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Basic principles of the virulence ofVirulence · 2019Review
- Immunomodulatory Role of Capsular Polysaccharides Constituents ofFrontiers in medicine · 2019Review
- Involvement of the capsular GalXM-induced IL-17 cytokine in the control of Cryptococcus neoformans infection.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Article
- Chitin-like molecules associate with Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan to form a glycan complex with previously unknown properties.Eukaryotic cell · 2012Article
- Capsular Material of Cryptococcus neoformans: Virulence and Much More.Mycopathologia · 2012Article
- The effect of the expression of virulence-associated DEAD-box RNA helicase mRNA on the imbalance of Th1-Th2 cytokines in the CSF of patients with Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2011Article
- Deletion of Cryptococcus neoformans AIF ortholog promotes chromosome aneuploidy and fluconazole-resistance in a metacaspase-independent manner.PLoS pathogens · 2011Article
- Article
- Rat eosinophils stimulate the expansion of Cryptococcus neoformans-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells with a T-helper 1 profile.Immunology · 2011Article
- Extracellular vesicles from Cryptococcus neoformans modulate macrophage functions.Infection and immunity · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) is the major Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide and represents the main virulence factor of this fungus. In in vitro studies we have demonstrated previously that this acidic and high-molecular-weight polysaccharide suppresses lymphoproliferation, modulates cytokine production and promotes apoptosis in spleen mononuclear (Spm) cells from rats. In this study we demonstrate that these phenomena also occur in vivo after the intracardiac inoculation of GXM into normal Wistar rats. The results of this study show suppression of the proliferative response Spm cells to concanavalin A (Con A) or heat-killed C. neoformans (HKCn) in the first 2 weeks after polysaccharide administration. In addition, increased levels of interleukin (IL)-10 were produced by Con A-stimulated Spm cells, coinciding with immunohistochemical GXM detection in the white pulp of spleen. In particular, high production of IL-10 with diminution of IL-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha synthesis were detected 14 days after GXM administration. In situ cell death detection by TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) reaction in sections of spleen, lung and liver demonstrates apoptosis in tissues with deposits of GXM. These data demonstrate the in vivo ability of GXM to modify cytokine synthesis by Spm cells and to promote host cell apoptosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.