ArticleThe Journal of cell biology2004
The forces that position a mitotic spindle asymmetrically are tethered until after the time of spindle assembly.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Divergence of Cortical Force-Generating Mechanisms Underlies Differences in Spindle Behavior betweenbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mechanical coordination between anaphase A and B drives asymmetric chromosome segregation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Origin and development of primary animal epithelia.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2024Review
- A germline-specific role for unconventional components of the γ-tubulin complex in Caenorhabditis elegans.Journal of cell science · 2023Article
- Evolutionary divergence of anaphase spindle mechanics in nematode embryos constrained by antagonistic pulling and viscous forces.Molecular biology of the cell · 2022Article
- Article
- The coordination of spindle-positioning forces during the asymmetric division of the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote.EMBO reports · 2021Article
- Connecting cell polarity signals to the cytokinetic machinery in yeast and metazoan cells.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2021Review
- Microtubule-dependent pushing forces contribute to long-distance aster movement and centration inMolecular biology of the cell · 2020Article
- Article
- Regulated changes in material properties underlie centrosome disassembly during mitotic exit.The Journal of cell biology · 2020Article
- Resistance is futile: Centering forces yield for asymmetric cell division.The Journal of cell biology · 2019Article
- Asymmetric division through a reduction of microtubule centering forces.The Journal of cell biology · 2019Article
- Microtubule Feedback and LET-99-Dependent Control of Pulling Forces Ensure Robust Spindle Position.Biophysical journal · 2018Article
- Cdk1 inactivation induces post-anaphase-onset spindle migration and membrane protrusion required for extreme asymmetry in mouse oocytes.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Microtubule Dynamics Scale with Cell Size to Set Spindle Length and Assembly Timing.Developmental cell · 2018Article
- Evolution of mitotic spindle behavior during the first asymmetric embryonic division of nematodes.PLoS biology · 2018Article
- Cytoplasmic flows as signatures for the mechanics of mitotic positioning.Molecular biology of the cell · 2017Article
- Physical Limits on the Precision of Mitotic Spindle Positioning by Microtubule Pushing forces: Mechanics of mitotic spindle positioning.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2017Review
- Physical determinants of asymmetric cell divisions in the early development of Caenorhabditis elegans.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Regulation of the mitotic spindle's position is important for cells to divide asymmetrically. Here, we use Caenorhabditis elegans embryos to provide the first analysis of the temporal regulation of forces that asymmetrically position a mitotic spindle. We find that asymmetric pulling forces, regulated by cortical PAR proteins, begin to act as early as prophase and prometaphase, even before the spindle forms and shifts to a posterior position. The spindle does not shift asymmetrically during these early phases due to a tethering force, mediated by astral microtubules that reach the anterior cell cortex. We show that this tether is normally released after spindle assembly and independently of anaphase entry. Monitoring microtubule dynamics by photobleaching segments of microtubules during anaphase revealed that spindle microtubules do not undergo significant poleward flux in C. elegans. Together with the known absence of anaphase A, these data suggest that the major forces contributing to chromosome separation during anaphase originate outside the spindle. We propose that the forces positioning the mitotic spindle asymmetrically are tethered until after the time of spindle assembly and that these same forces are used later to drive chromosome segregation at anaphase.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.