ArticleJournal of virology1992
Human and mouse Mx proteins inhibit different steps of the influenza virus multiplication cycle.
Article in Journal of virology, 1992. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed.
- Human MX1 orchestrates the cytoplasmic sequestration of neosynthesized influenza A virus vRNPs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Response to Influenza in Grey Seals (Halichoerus grypus), a Potential Wild Reservoir.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Genetic resilience or resistance in poultry against avian influenza virus: mirage or reality?Journal of virology · 2025Review
- An ancient influenza genome from Switzerland allows deeper insights into host adaptation during the 1918 flu pandemic in Europe.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic analysis of coxsackievirus B3 infection in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain-like endothelial cells.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Recent updates of interferon-derived myxovirus resistance protein A as a biomarker for acute viral infection.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Article
- Mx1-ing it up-Mitochondrial relay for interferon-dependent, unconventional IL-1β release in SLE monocytes.Immunity · 2024Article
- Induction and antiviral activity of ferret myxovirus resistance (Mx) protein 1 against influenza A viruses.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Influenza Virus Host Restriction Factors: The ISGs and Non-ISGs.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Review
- Article
- The Antiviral Activity of Equine Mx1 against Thogoto Virus Is Determined by the Molecular Structure of Its Viral Specificity Region.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Effects of Some Interferon-Related Proteins on Influenza A Viruse RNA Polymerase Activity.Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Mouse Mx1 Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genomic Replication and Late Gene ExpressionJournal of virology · 2022Article
- Pleiotropic Effects of Influenza H1, H3, and B Baloxavir-Resistant Substitutions on Replication, Sensitivity to Baloxavir, and Interferon Expression.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- From high-throughput to therapeutic: host-directed interventions against influenza viruses.Current opinion in virology · 2022Review
- LncRNAFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human MxA and mouse Mx1 are interferon-induced proteins capable of inhibiting the multiplication of influenza virus. MxA protein is localized in the cytoplasm, whereas Mx1 protein accumulates in the nucleus. Taking advantage of stably transfected cell lines that constitutively express either MxA or Mx1 protein, we examined the steps at which these proteins block influenza A viruses. In infected cells expressing MxA protein, all viral mRNAs synthesized as a result of primary transcription in the nucleus by the virion-associated RNA polymerase accumulated to normal levels. These primary viral transcripts were polyadenylated, were active in directing viral protein synthesis in vitro, and appeared to be efficiently transported to the cell cytoplasm. Yet viral protein synthesis and genome amplification were strongly inhibited, suggesting that MxA protein interfered with either intracytoplasmic transport of viral mRNAs, viral protein synthesis, or translocation of newly synthesized viral proteins to the cell nucleus. However, in infected cells expressing Mx1 protein, the concentrations of the longest primary transcripts encoding the three influenza virus polymerase proteins PB1, PB2, and PA were at least 50-fold reduced. Accumulation of the shorter primary transcripts encoding the other viral proteins was also inhibited but to a lesser extent. These results demonstrate that the mouse Mx1 protein interferes with primary transcription of influenza virus in the nucleus, whereas the human MxA protein inhibits a subsequent step that presumably takes place in the cytoplasm of infected cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.