ArticleMolecular immunology2004
Atomic force bio-analytics of polymerization and aggregation of phycoerythrin-conjugated immunoglobulin G molecules.
Article in Molecular immunology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effective Non-Invasive Delivery of Epigenetic Drugs Using Functionalized Accessory Unit Conjugates.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Non-Invasive Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoproteins (Cas9 RNPs) into Cells via Nanoparticles for Membrane Transport.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Targeted delivery of harmine to xenografted human pancreatic islets promotes robust cell proliferation.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Delivery of Orally Administered Digestible Antibodies Using Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Environmental exposure enhances the internalization of microplastic particles into cells.Science advances · 2020Article
- Cytoplasmic Parvovirus Capsids Recruit Importin Beta for Nuclear Delivery.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Review
- Imaging live cells at the nanometer-scale with single-molecule microscopy: obstacles and achievements in experiment optimization for microbiology.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2014Review
- Atomic force microscopy recognition of protein A on Staphylococcus aureus cell surfaces by labelling with IgG-Au conjugates.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2013Article
- A Novel Core-Shell Microcapsule for Encapsulation and 3D Culture of Embryonic Stem Cells.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2013Article
- An atomic-force basis for the bacteriolytic effects of granulysin.Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces · 2012Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
While bio-labeled immunoglobulin (IgG) or antibodies are extensively used in imaging studies and therapeutic modality, there have been no reports describing atomic force microscopy (AFM) micrographs of these labeled IgG molecules. Here, AFM studies of phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated IgG were undertaken to examine whether PE conjugation induced conformational changes or molecular interaction, and subsequently resulted in an alteration in nano-structures of PE-conjugated IgG complex. Once immobilized on mica, single PE-conjugated IgG molecule exhibited globular shape with approximately 60 microns in diameter and 5 microns in height. PE-conjugated IgG were able to form monomers, spindle-like trimers, and hexamers that developed through an end-end connection of two trimers, after they were continuously immobilized on mica. Interestingly, these multimers could aggregate in different directions to form circular monolayers with a highly dense core of PE-conjugated IgG polymers. The formation of these well-organized polymers and aggregates of PE-conjugated IgG may be attributed to the PE conjugation as well as the air-liquid tension on subtract. These findings may help to understand the nano-structures of bio-labeled IgG or antibodies, and facilitate the potential use of PE-conjugated antibodies as markers or immunosensers for AFM bio-analytics of biomolecules in cells and membranes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.